Endocrine System Flashcards

Question

Adrenal cortex

Answer 1

Outer layer of adrenal glands

Answer 2

Interprets nerve impulses and converts them into chemical messages that regulate the secretion of hormones from pituitary gland

Answer 3

Regulation of pituitary gland Production of hormones Regulation of temperature Regulation of the autonomic nervous system Regulation of emotions and sexual behaviour

Answer 4

Responds to factors released from the hypothalamus and produces a variety of hormones

Answer 5

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands. Can affect cells or organs. Receptorcides required

Answer 6

Change the permeability of cell membrane | Change the rate of chemical reactions which occur in the cell

Answer 7

Change shape and structure of enzyme | Change rate of transcription/translation of proteins

Answer 8

Enter through plasma membrane into cytoplasm Stimulates or inhibits particular protein synthesis Fat soluble hormones e.g testosterone and cortisol

Answer 9

Activate specific receptors on the plasma membrane cannot pass through Secondary messenger diffuses into cell Protein and amine hormones are water soluble Inhibit or stimulate particular enzymes E.g oxytocin and insulin

Answer 10

Diabetes is a disease that affects your body’s ability to produce or use insulin

Answer 11

``` Type 2: Genetics Lifestyle Unhealthy diet Obesity Lack of exercise Type 1: autoimmune response- body’s immune system attacks and destroys insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas ```

Answer 12

``` Extreme thirst Frequent urination Blurry vision Extreme hunger Fatigue Unusual weight loss ```

Answer 13

Aim of treatment is to keep low blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible People with diabetes need to monitor blood glucose levels regularly Type 1: treated with insulin replacement through insulin injections, healthy diet and regular exercise Type 2: lifestyle modification (healthy diet, regular exercise and weight loss) and oral medications to control blood glucose levels

Answer 14

Hyperthyroidism (sometimes called thyrotoxicosis) occurs when the thyroid gland is overactive.

Answer 15

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in Australia is Graves’ Disease, an autoimmune condition where the immune system stimulates the thyroid to produce too much hormone. Hyperthyroidism can also be caused by the thyroid becoming inflamed (thyroiditis) or by nodules inside the thyroid which become hyperactive.

Answer 16

Feel overly anxious Feeling overly tied Losing weight despite same lifestyle (Graves’ Disease) Unable to tolerate heat Bulging Eyes (Graves’ Disease) Enlarged Thyroid or Goiter (Graves’ Disease)

Answer 17

Medicine can be used to reduce the amount of hormone produced by thyroid Radioactive iodine therapy which shrinks the thyroid Could be removed by surgery this may lead to damage to surrounding nerves and surrounding glands.

Answer 18

controls sodium levels | Adrenal cortex

Answer 19

involved in stress response | Produced in adrenal cortex

Answer 20

Where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroxine | Slows down cell metabolism

Answer 21

Autoimmune disease known as hashimotos thyroiditis | Radiation therapy

Answer 22

``` Fatigue Weight gain Sensitivity to cold Depression Muscle weakness pain/stiffness in joints Impaired memory ```

Answer 23

Diagnosed with blood test- symptoms may not occur Prescribed hormone tablets called levothyroxine Combination therapy