Endocrine System

Question 0

What does TSHRF target?

Answer 0

Anterior pituitary

Question 1

What is the gland that secretes TSHRF?

Answer 1

The hypothalamus- Chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect decrease in metabolism

Question 2

Why is TSHRF released?

Answer 2

Decrease in metabolic rate. (low thyroxin) Low metabolism is detected by chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus

Question 3

What is the action of TSHRF?

Answer 3

Tells anterior pituitary to secrete TSH which affects the thyroid.

Question 4

What is the gland that secretes TSH?

Answer 4

The anterior pituitary

Question 5

What is the target of TSH?

Answer 5

The thyroid gland

Question 6

Why is TSH released?

Answer 6

It is stimulated by TSHRF - a trophic hormone

Question 7

What does TSH do?

Answer 7

Causes that thyroid to release thyroxin

Question 8

What is the gland secretes thyroxin?

Answer 8

The Thyroid gland

Question 9

What is the target of thyroxin?

Answer 9

Body cells- all tissues

Question 10

Why is thyroxin released?

Answer 10

It is stimulated by TSH

Question 11

What is the action of thyroxin?

Answer 11

Causes body cells to increase metabolism and oxygen uptake

Question 12

What is the gland secretes ADH

Answer 12

Posterior pituitary. (Detected by hypothalamus)

Question 13

What is the target of ADH

Answer 13

The kidneys

Question 14

Why is ADH released?

Answer 14

High sodium levels in the blood. High osmotic pressure

Question 15

What is the action of ADH?

Answer 15

Stimulates water reabsorption by the collecting ducts in kidneys

Question 16

What is the gland secretes oxytocin?

Answer 16

Posterior pituitary

Question 17

What does oxytocin target?

Answer 17

The uterus and mammary glands

Question 18

Why is oxytocin released?

Answer 18

Contractions in the uterus labor. Uterine stretched or baby suckles.

Question 19

What is the action of oxytocin?

Answer 19

Positive feedback. It stimulates the uterine muscles to contract it also causes mammary glands to release milk

Question 20

What is the gland secretes the growth hormone?

Answer 20

Anterior pituitary

Question 21

What is the target of the growth hormone

Answer 21

Soft tissues and bones

Question 22

Why is the growth hormone released

Answer 22

Puberty

Question 23

What is the action of the growth hormone

Answer 23

Cell division, protein synthesis and bone growth. Promotes skeletal and muscular growth, decreases fat

Question 24

What is the gland secretes prolactin

Answer 24

Anterior pituitary

Question 25

What is the target of prolactin

Answer 25

Mammary glands

Question 26

Why is prolactin release?

Answer 26

Higher brain centers – hypothalamus. Baby suckling

Question 27

What is the action of prolactin

Answer 27

Milk production

Question 28

What is the gland secretes aldosterone?

Answer 28

The adrenal cortex.

Question 29

What the detects the low sodium ions in the blood and what does it release?

Answer 29

The kidney and it releases Renin

Question 30

What does aldosterone target?

Answer 30

Kidney

Question 31

Why is aldosterone released

Answer 31

Low-sodium ions in the blood

Question 32

What is renin, and what does it do?

Answer 32

Renin is an enzyme secretes by the kidney when blood is low in Na+ ions. It changes angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2

Question 33

What does angiotensin 2 do?

Answer 33

Causes adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

Question 34

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 34

Causes kidney to reabsorb Na+ ions and excrete K+

Question 35

What is the gland that secretes insulin?

Answer 35

The pancreas. Islets of langhans-beta cells- release insulin.

Question 36

Why does insulin target?

Answer 36

Liver, muscles, adipose tissues

Question 37

Why is insulin released?

Answer 37

High blood glucose level. >0.1% | Right after meal

Question 38

What does insulin do?

Answer 38

Cause kidney to store glucose as glycogen. | Body cells to increase glucose uptake.

Question 39

What is the gland that secretes glucagon?

Answer 39

Pancreas

Question 40

What does glucagon target?

Answer 40

Liver, muscle tissue, adipose tissue

Question 41

Why is glucagon released?

Answer 41

Low glucose in blood. <0.1%

Question 42

What does glucagon do?

Answer 42

Liver converts glycogen into glucose | Decrease body cell glucose uptake

Question 43

What is the gland that secretes epinephrine?

Answer 43

Adrenal medilla

Question 44

What does epinephrine target?

Answer 44

Cardiac and other muscles

Question 45

Why is epinephrine released?

Answer 45

Stressful situations.

Question 46

What does epinephrine do?

Answer 46

Raise blood glucose levels, fight or flight. | Increases: breathing rate, metabolism, heart rate, and glucose

Question 47

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 47

Insulin and glucagon

Question 48

What hormones Are secretes by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 48

ADH, oxytocin

Question 49

Which hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus

Answer 49

TSHRF

Question 50

Which hormones are secretes by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 50

TSH, prolactin, growth hormone

Question 51

What hormone does the thyroid release?

Answer 51

Thyroxine

Question 52

What hormone does the adrenal medulla release?

Answer 52

Epinephrine

Question 53

What hormone does the adrenal cortex release?

Answer 53

Aldosterone

Question 54

What are peptide hormones?

Answer 54

Water soluble. Activate receptors on target cell surface. Work quickly Insulin, glucagon, oxytocin, ACTH

Question 55

What is a steroid hormone?

Answer 55

Fat/lipid-insoluble Pass through membrane. Take longer to affect target cell, effect last longer. Estrogen, testosterone, cortisol