Endocrine System

Question 1

What is it?

Answer 1

A chemical control system which functions with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

Nervous vs. Endocrine

Answer 2

both systems enable cells to communicate with others by using chemical signals

Question 3

Chemical Messenger

Answer 3

Nervous: neurotransmitter
Endocrine: hormones

Question 4

Location of message

Answer 4

Nervous: synapses
Endocrine: target cells

Question 5

Effects

Answer 5

Nervous: rapid and short-lasting
Endocrine: slow and long-lasting

Question 6

Controls

Answer 6

Nervous: muscles and glands
Endocrine: Activities of cells

Question 7

Exocrine Glands

Answer 7

secrete through a duct to the targeted tissue, such as digestive glands

Question 8

Endocrine glands

Answer 8

they are ductless and secretes right into the bloodstream

Question 9

What do they secrete?

Answer 9

Hormones

Question 10

Hormone jobs

Answer 10

each has a specific target tissue; may increase or decrease its activity

Question 11

Secretion rates

Answer 11

not a constant rate; vary with the needs of the body

Question 12

Is in charge of

Answer 12

processes that happen slowly, such as the growth of cells

Question 13

What do hormones influence?

Answer 13

Almost every cell and organ in the body

Question 14

Homeostasis

Answer 14

a controlled internal environment

Question 15

Stimulus

Answer 15

change in homeostatic environment; signal sent to CNS

Question 16

Response

Answer 16

signal sent from CNS; produce effect and body returns to homeostasis

Question 17

Hormones

Answer 17

chemical messengers

Question 18

What do they send?

Answer 18

important information from one set of cells to another

Question 19

What cells do they affect?

Answer 19

cells that are programmed to receive the specific hormone’s message

Question 20

Glands

Answer 20

group of cells that produce the hormones

Question 21

Salivary glands produce …

Answer 21

saliva

Question 22

When a hormone reaches a certain amount…

Answer 22

the glands will produce less of that specific hormone

Question 23

How are the glands told to change the production of that hormone?

Answer 23

substances in the blood; by the hormone that is secreted

Question 24

Turnoff Processes

Answer 24

Most hormones use negative feedback or a closed-loop system

Question 25

Negative feedback

Answer 25

a response that opposes the initial change; most common control mechanism; level of hormone in blood or body's return to homeostasis shuts off the loop at hypothalamus and pituitary

Question 26

Positive feedback

Answer 26

reinforces the original change

Question 27

Hypothalamus location

Answer 27

part of the brain and attached to the posterior pituitary

Question 28

Hypothalamus function

Answer 28

synchronize the information from the brain and the secretions of hormones

Question 29

Neurosecretory Cells

Answer 29

specialized neurons that synthesize and secrete hormones

Question 30

Hypothalamus controls

Answer 30

the secretions of the pituitary gland through nervous stimulation(posterior pituitary); releases hormones secreted to the anterior pituitary

Question 31

Neuronal

Answer 31

to POSTERIOR PITUITARY

Question 32

Endocrine

Answer 32

to ANTERIOR PITUITARY

Question 33

RH

Answer 33

Pituitary releasing hormone

Question 34

RIH

Answer 34

Pituitary release inhibiting hormone

Question 35

Pituitary Location

Answer 35

base of the brain; size of a pea; master gland

Question 36

Pituitary controls

Answer 36

other endocrine system glands; helps control body and tissue growth

Question 37

Pituitary Secretions

Answer 37

endorphins

Question 38

Endorphins

Answer 38

chemicals that reduce sensitivity to pain

Question 39

Pituitary Sections

Answer 39

Anterior and Posterior

Question 40

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 40

master gland; secretions regulate many other body glands

Question 41

Anterior Pituitary secrets

Answer 41

FSH; LH; TSH; ACTH; GH, MSH, Prolactin

Question 42

FSH and LH

Answer 42

Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone regulate the production of estrogen and progesterone

Question 43

TSH

Answer 43

Thyroid stimulating hormone; stimulate thyroid to secrete thyroxin

Question 44

ACTH

Answer 44

Adreno-corticotropic hormone; stimulates the chemical release from the adrenal cortex

Question 45

GH

Answer 45

Growth hormone; stimulate cell growth

Question 46

MSH

Answer 46

Melanocyte stimulating hormone; increases production of the skin pigment melanin

Question 47

Prolactin

Answer 47

stimulates the production of milk in nursing mothers

Question 48

Posterior pituitary secretions

Answer 48

oxytocin; ADH

Question 49

Oxytocin

Answer 49

stimulate contractions of the uterus when beginning childbirth, and allows the milk to be released from the breast tissue

Question 50

ADH

Answer 50

Antidiuretic Hormone;stimulates the kidneys to absorb more water from the collecting duct in the kidneys, so there is more water in the blood

Question 51

Pineal

Answer 51

in the brain; secretes melatonin; plays a role in our sleep and wake cycles

Question 52

Melatonin

Answer 52

regulates our internal clocks and any rhythmic activities