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Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are the chemical messages sent in the endocrine system?

A

Target cells

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2
Q

Where does ACE in the Renin-Angiotensin- Aldosterone system of blood pressure regulation predominantly come from?

A

The lungs. It’s made by many organ tissues however.

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3
Q

What do chemical messengers in the endocrine system control?

A

Activities of cells

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4
Q

What makes Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

A

The adenohypophysis (Anterior Pituitary)

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5
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A

It’s hyperglycemic

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6
Q

The effects of the endocrine system are generally ______________

A

Slower and longer lasting

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7
Q

Which gland secretes epinephrine?

A

Adrenal medula

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8
Q

What are the sections of the Hypophysis? What are their relative locations?

A

The adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

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9
Q

If blood pressure is too high, what hormone is likely to be released?

A

ANP

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10
Q

Aldosterone

A

Increases Blood Volume
Increases Blood Pressure
Increases blood concentration of Na+

Secreted by Adrenal Cortex

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11
Q

Which gland secretes Adrenocorticotropic Releasing Hormone?

A

The adenohypophysis

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12
Q

What is the chemical messenger of the nervous system?

A

Neurotransmitters

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13
Q

What is the main organ of the endocrine system?

A

The Hypothalamus

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14
Q

What function does the neurohypophysis serve? Is it an endocrine gland?

A

The neurohypophysis is not a true endocrine gland, because it does not make any hormones. However, it stores and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus.

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15
Q

Which gland secretes TRH (Thyroid Releasing Hormone)?

A

The hypothalamus

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16
Q

What is an example of a hormone antagonistic to Calcitonin?

A

PTH

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17
Q

______________= the site of spermatogenesis

A

Seminiferous tubules

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18
Q

What systems is the hypothalamus part of?

A

The nervous system and endocrine system, which is why it’s said to be a Neuroendocrine organ

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19
Q

Where is the plasma protein Angiotensinogen made? What’s it’s role in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system of blood pressure regulation?

A

It’s made in the liver, and renin catalyzes the reaction to transform it into Angiotensin I

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20
Q

Which gland secretes mineralocorticoids?

A

Zona Glomerulosa of the Adrenal Cortex

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21
Q

What’s an example of a glucocorticoid?

A

Cortisol

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22
Q

What does Parathyroid Hormone do?

A

PTH increases the concentration of Ca++ in the blood

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23
Q

Which gland secretes PTH? What does it stand for?

A

Parathyroid hormone is made by the parathyroid glands

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24
Q

What does FSH do in females?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone in females is a responsible for the maturation of follicles.

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25
What are two other names for ovarian follicles?
Graafian follicle, vesicular follicle
26
Growth hormone, or ____________, is made by _____________
Somatotropin; adenohypophysis
27
What does Angiotensin II do?
It constricts blood vessels and stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone to raise blood pressure
28
True or false: the Zona Reticularis makes Gonadotropic hormones
False. The Zona Reticularis does secretes gonadocorticoids, NOT gonadotropic releasing hormones (secreted by the hypothalamus)
29
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP or ANH)
Reduces Blood volume and blood pressure; decreases blood concentration of Na+ Secreted by heart
30
What are two examples of hormones made in the hypothalamus, but stored and released by the neurohypophysis?
Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH)
31
What do the hormones Triiodothyronine and Tetraiodothyronine do?
T3 and T4 speed up metabolism
32
The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine is the response of what kind of stimuli?
Neural stimuli
33
In males, Leydig cells, also known as 1)______________, are located in between 2)_______________ (the site of spermatogenesis). These cells are stimulated by 3)____________ to make 4)______________
1) interstitial cells 2) seminiferous tubules 3) Luteinizing hormone 4) testosterone
34
In males, ______________ stimulates seminiferous tubules to make ___________
Follicle stimulating hormone; sperm cells
35
Which hormone inhibits aldosterone release?
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone
36
Where are the parathyroid glands located? How many of them are there?
Anywhere from 4-12 embedded in the posterior aspect of the thyroid
37
What are the hormones of the adenohypophysis that are NOT tropic?
1) Somatotropin (Growth Hormone) 2) Prolactin 3) MSH (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone)
38
Which gland makes/secretes Calcitonin?
The thyroid gland
39
Which hormone stimulates the _________________ to secrete cortisol?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) stimulates the Zona Fasciculata of the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids, such as cortisol
40
Which gland secretes gonadocorticoids? What are they?
Zona Reticularis of the adrenal cortex. They are sex hormones
41
Interstitial Cells Stimulating hormone is also known as ______________
Luteinizing hormone
42
What does calcitonin do?
It lowers the concentration of Ca++ in the blood
43
What is another name for the Hypophysis?
Pituitary Gland
44
What do chemical messages in the nervous system control?
Muscles and Glands
45
Which gland secretes Corticotropic releasing hormone? (CRH)
The hypothalamus
46
Which gland secretes Gonadotropic releasing hormones?
Hypothalamus
47
How would you describe the effects of chemical messengers communicating in the nervous system?
Rapid and short-lasting
48
What is the chemical messenger of the endocrine system?
Hormones
49
Which gland secretes Aldosterone?
Zona Glomerulosa of Adrenal Cortex
50
What are the 4 constituents, in order from most superficial layer to deepest layer, of the adrenal glands?
1) Zona Glomerulosa 2) Zona Fasciculata 3) Zona Reticularis 4) Adrenal Medula 1,2,3 make up the adrenal cortex
51
Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone would stimulate the ___________ to secrete _____________
Adenohypophysis; Lutenizing hormone
52
Which gland secretes ANP?
Heart
53
The newly discovered “caramel macchiato releasing hormone” is secreted by the __________
Hypothalamus (any “releasing” or “inhibiting” hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus)
54
What makes glucagon?
The pancreas
55
What’s an example of a Mineralocorticoid?
Aldosterone
56
What is an example of a hormone antagonistic to Glucagon?
Insulin
57
Which gland secretes norepinephrine?
Adrenal medula
58
Where are the chemical messages sent to in the nervous system?
Synapses
59
What is meant by a humoral stimuli?
Humoral stimuli are responses to low/high concentrations of certain chemicals in the body
60
What is the function of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)?
Converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
61
What makes/secretes insulin? What does insulin do?
The pancreas makes insulin. It’s hypoglycemic, so it lowers sugar concentration in the blood
62
How does Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) play a role in the production/secretion of thyroid hormones, such as Triiodothyronine and Tetraiodothyronine?
1) TRH (Secreted by the hypothalamus) stimulates the adenohypophysis to make Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 2) Then, Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to make T3 and T4
63
A surge of FSH in females would ultimately result in _______
Follicle stimulating hormone is responsible for the maturation of follicles in the ovaries. Increased FSH means more mature follicles, which means an increased number of mature gametes (eggs)
64
Which gland secretes glucocorticoids?
Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex
65
What is the function of epinephrine?
It’s hyperglycemic, so it raises blood sugar, and it induces glycogenolysis
66
What is meant by a “Tropic Hormone”?
A tropic hormone is a hormone that affects the release of OTHER hormones, made by another gland
67
What are the tropic hormones of the adenohypophysis?
1) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 2) Luteinizing hormone (LH) 3) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 4) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ``` They can be remembered with the acronym FLAT F. SH L. H A. CTH T. SH ```
68
What are two examples of Gn-RH’s? (Gonadotropic releasing hormones)
Follicle releasing Hormones (FRH) and Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)
69
In females, Luteinizing hormone is responsible for __________
Ovulation (the ovum released from a mature follicle)
70
In males, the presence of Luteinizing hormone eventually results in the production of _________
Testosterone
71
What’s an example of a hormone that’s antagonistic to aldosterone?
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP/ANH)
72
The newly discovered “caramel macchiato inhibiting hormone” is secreted by the ___________
Hypothalamus (any “releasing” or “inhibiting” hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus)
73
What steroid hormones does the placenta secrete?
The placenta secretes estrogen and progesterone
74
What is the “hormone of pregnancy”? Where is it secreted from?
The hormone of pregnancy is Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Biology (7 decks)

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