Endocrine System and Homeostasis

Question 1

What is an endocrine gland?

Answer 1

Ductless gland that releases secretions/hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 2

What is an exocrine gland?

Answer 2

Glands that release secretions via a duct to a body cavity or the outside

Question 3

What is a hormone?

Answer 3

Organic chemical messengers

Question 4

Location of the hypothalamus

Answer 4

The base of the brain

Question 5

Location of the pituitary glands (hypophysis)

Answer 5

Just below the hypothalamus

Question 6

Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland

Answer 6

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

Function of antidiuretic hormone

Answer 7

Promote reabsorption of water (in the renal tubules of the kidney)

Question 8

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 8

Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin

Question 9

Function of growth hormone

Answer 9

Promotes growth

Question 10

Function of thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 10

Stimulates thyroxin secretion in the thyroid

Question 11

Function of follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 11

Stimulates follicle development (female ovary) and germinal epithelium (male testes)

Question 12

Function of luteinizing hormone

Answer 12

Stimulates ovulation and testosterone production

Question 13

Function of prolactin

Answer 13

Stimulates milk production (female mammary glands)

Question 14

Location of the thyroid gland

Answer 14

Two lobes on either side of the trachea below the larynx

Question 15

Hormone secreted by the thyroid

Answer 15

Thyroxine

Question 16

Function of thyroxine

Answer 16

Increases basal metabolic rate, breathing and heart rate

Question 17

Location of the Islets of Langerhans

Answer 17

Pancreas

Question 18

Hormones secreted by the Islets of Langerhans

Answer 18

Insulin and glucagon

Question 19

Function of insulin

Answer 19

Decreases blood glucose levels (liver and muscle cells)

Question 20

Function of glucagon

Answer 20

Increases blood glucose levels (liver cells)

Question 21

Location of the adrenal glands

Answer 21

On top of each kidney, outer cortex and inner medulla of gland

Question 22

Hormones secreted by the adrenal glands

Answer 22

Adrenaline and aldosterone

Question 23

Function of adrenaline

Answer 23

Prepares body for action

Question 24

Function of aldosterone

Answer 24

Increases reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions and facilitates potassium transport (kidneys)

Question 25

Location of the ovaries

Answer 25

In the abdomen of the female body on either side of the uterus

Question 26

Hormones secreted by the ovaries

Answer 26

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 27

Function of oestrogen

Answer 27

Causes secondary sexual characteristics, development of sex organs, prepares uterus for implantation and inhibits FSH

Question 28

Function of progesterone

Answer 28

Thickens endometrium of uterus to maintain pregnancy and suppresses release of FSH and LH (uterus)

Question 29

Location of the testes

Answer 29

Suspended outside male body in the scrotum

Question 30

Hormone secreted by testes

Answer 30

Testosterone

Question 31

Function of testosterone

Answer 31

Secondary male sexual characteristics, development of sex organs and maturation of sperm

Question 32

What is negative feedback?

Answer 32

General mechanism for restoring an imbalance

Normal level is detected and corrective action is switched off