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Human Biology > Endocrine System- Definitions > Flashcards

Endocrine System- Definitions Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

The outer portion of the adrenal gland. It secretes the hormones Aldosterone and cortisol.

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2
Q

Adrenal glands

A

2 endocrine glands, one immediately above each kidney ; each consists of an inner adrenal medulla and an outer adrenal cortex

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3
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

The inner portion of an adrenal gland; secretes the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline

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4
Q

Adrenaline

A

A hormone secreted from the adrenal medulla that prepares the body for the fight or flight response also called epinephrine

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5
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

A hormone that controls the production and release of some of the hormones from the cortex and the adrenal glands

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6
Q

Aldostrone

A

A hormone that acts on the kidney to reduce the amount of sodium in the urine and increase the amount of potassium

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7
Q

Amine hormone

A

A hormone composed of an amino acid with modified groups

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8
Q

Androgen

A

Any of the male sex hormones produced by the testes; responsible for the development and maintenance of the male sex characteristics

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9
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

A horome produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior lobe of the pituary gland that stimulates the kidneys to remove water from urine, thus reducing urine production; also known as vasopressin

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10
Q

Calcitonin

A

Hormones secreted by the C- cells of the thyroid gland that decreases the concentration of Na 2+ and PO4 3-.

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11
Q

Corticosteroid

A

Any of a group of more than 20 hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex. The 2 main hormones are aldosterone and cortisol.

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12
Q

Cortisol

A

A hormone that, along related with hormones, promotes normal metabolism

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13
Q

Endocrine gland

A

A gland that secretes hormones directly with adjacent tissue ; also called a ductless gland

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14
Q

Enzyme amplification

A

A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one step is an enzyme that produces and even greater number of product molecules at the next step

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15
Q

Epinephrine

A

see adrenaline

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16
Q

Eryhropoietin (EPO)

A

A hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells by the bone marrow

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17
Q

Exocrine gland

A

A gland the secretes into a duct that carries the secretion to the surface of the body cavity

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18
Q

Follicle stimulating hormones (FSH)

A

A hormone that stimulates the development of a follicle in the ovary

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19
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that increases blood sugar level

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20
Q

Gonadotropin

A

A hormone that affects the sex organs

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21
Q

Gonads

A

the testes and ovaries

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22
Q

Growth hormones

A

A hormone that stimulates body cells to grow and multiply, especially the skeleton and skeletal muscles

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23
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal enviorment despite fluctuations in the external enviorment

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24
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical that is secreted by an endocrine gland and that affects the functioning of a cell or organ; often carried in the blood

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25
Hypophysis
An alternative name for the pituary gland
26
Hypothalamus
The part of the brain lying just below the thalamus and above the pituary gland ; controls many homeostatic mechanisms, such as body temperature water balance and heart rate
27
Infundibulum
The stalk like structure that joins the pituary gland to the hypothalamus
28
Inhibiting factor
A hormone that slows the release of another hormone
29
Insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas, that decreases blood sugar level
30
Islets of langerhans
Clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas ; secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon
31
Luteining hormone (LH)
A hormone that promotes final maturation of the ovarian follicle and the formation of the corpus luteum
32
Melatonin
A hormone secreted by the pineal gland that regulates sleep patterns
33
Negative feedback
Feedback that reduces the effect of, or eliminates, the original stimulus
34
Noradrenaline
A hormone secreted from the adrenal medulla that has effects similar to that of adrenaline; in particular, it increases the rate and force of the heart beat; also called norepinephrine
35
Norepinephrine
See noradrenaline
36
Oestrogen
A female sex hormone; develops or maintains female reproductive structures and regulates the menstrual cycle and pregnancy
37
Oxytocin
The hormone that stimulates contraction of the muscle of the uterus
38
Pancreas
A gland that lies just below the stomach ; both an endocrine and exocrine gland; secretes digestive enzymes from the exocrine cells, and the hormones insulin and glucagon from the endocrine cells
39
Pancreatic islet
See islet of langerhans
40
Parathorome
See parathyroid hormone
41
Parathyoid gland
One of four small glands about the size of a small pea embedded in the rear surface of the thyroid gland; secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)
42
Parathyoid hormone (PTH)
A hormone that controls calcium and phosphate levels in the blood; also know as parathormone
43
Pineal gland
A small gland, about the size of a pea in children, found deep inside the brain ; in adults it is just a tiny lump of fibrous tissue; the functions of the hormones it secretes have still not been identified
44
Pituary gland
An endocrine gland located below the brain ; joined to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum
45
Placenta
The organ that supplies nutrients to, and removes waste from, the foetus; also produces a number of horomones including oestrogens and progesterone
46
Progesterone
A female sex hormone produced by the ovaries ; helps prepare the uterine lining for a fertelised egg; also prepares the ammary glands for milk secretion
47
Prolactin (PRL)
A hormone that promotes milk production during and after pregnancy
48
Protein hormone
A hormone consisting of a long chain of amino acid
49
Releasing factor
A hormone whos purpose is to control the realease of another hormone
50
Secreation
A useful substance produced and released by a gland cell; the process of producing and releasing a useful substance
51
Steroid hormones
A hormone derived from the lip cholesterol
52
Target cell
A cell whose activity is affected by a particular horomone
53
Target organ
an organ whose activity is affected by a particular hormone
54
Thymosin
Any group of hormones secreted by the thymus that simulate the immune system by helping the maturation of t-lymphocytes
55
Thymus
An endocrine gland located in the chest just above the heart and behind the sternum ; secretes the group of hormones called thymosins
56
Thyroid gland
An endocrine gland, consisting of two lobes, located in the neck just below the larynx; secretes the hormone thyroxine
57
Thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH)
A pictuary hormone that stimulates production and release of hormones from the thyroid gland; also known as thyrotropin
58
Thyroxine
A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, growth and development
59
Triiodothyronine
The more active thyroid hormone that increases the rate of all metabolism, also known as T3
60
Vasopressin
(same as antidiuretic hormone)

Human Biology (3 decks)

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