Endocrine System Pathology 1 Flashcards
(33 cards)
List two mechanisms of increased functional effects of hormones
Hyperfunction - excess production of hormone
New source of hormone
Define primary hyperfunction
Hormone secretion occurs independent of a stimulus
Define secondary hyperfunction
A functional lesion causes excess stimulatory hormone, which causes excess hormone production from an endocrine gland.
What are the two sources of hormones?
Exogenous
Endogenous
List two mechanisms of the decreased functional effects of hormones
Hypofunction - insufficient production of hormone
Lack of response to a hormone
What is primary hypofunction?
Impaired abilty of lack of ability to produce hormone
What are the two types of congenital primary hypofunctions?
Genetic mutation of developmental anomaly
Where in the adrenal cortex is aldosterone produced?
Zona glomerulosa
Where in the adrenal cortex is cortisol produced?
Zona fasciculata
What is hyperadrenocorticism also known as and how does it cause clinical signs?
Cushing’s syndrome. Signs cause by excess cortisol
What causes primary hyperadrenocorticism?
Functional cortical tumour causing increased cortisol.
Which species are adrenoal cortical tumours most common in?
Dogs
Which types of tumour are the most common in the adrenal cortex?
Adenoma > carcinoma
What causes secondary hyperadrenocorticism?
Pituitary tumour (usually adenoma) with autonomous production of ACTH
What is the most common neoplastic cause of hyperadrenocortism in dogs?
Secondary hyperadrenocortisicm (caused by a functional pituitary tumour)
What is the cause of iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism?
Glucocorticoid administration
What is hypoadrenocorticism also known as?
Addison’s disease
List four causes of primary hypoadrenocorticism
Idiopathic
Adrenal inflammation
Vascular disease
Metastatic tumour spread to the adrenals
What is secondary hypoadrenocorticim caused by and what affect does it have on the adrenals?
Pituitary disease causing bilateral adrenal cortical atrophy with sparing of the zona glomerulosa
What causes secondary hypoadrenocorticism?
Iatrogenic following withdrawal of glucocorticoid therapy
What is the main species affected by hyperadrenocorticism?
Dogs
What is the most common tumour of the adrenal medulla?
Pheochromocytoma
What are the two main mechanisms of diabetes mellitus?
Pancreatic beta-cell hypofunction resulting in insufficienct insulin production
Insulin resistance - reduced response to insulin by target cells or antagonism of insulin
In dogs, list three causes of diabetes mellitus
Beta-cell destruction
Pancreatitis
Pancreatic necrosis
