endocrine system test review

Question 1

what endocrine structures are found in the brain?

Answer 1

hypothalamus, pineal gland, and the pituitary gland.

Question 2

prolactin

Answer 2

stimulates milk production.

Question 3

adrenocorticotropic hormone (HCTH)

Answer 3

regulates endocrine activity in the cortex of the adrenal gland.

Question 4

thyroid stimulating hormone.

Answer 4

stimulates thyroid growth and activity.

Question 5

growth hormone

Answer 5

stimulates cell growth.

Question 6

follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 6

stimulates follicle development in the ovaries and sperm production in males.

Question 7

luteinizing hormone

Answer 7

stimulates testosterone, progesterone and estrogen production.

Question 8

oxytocin

Answer 8

stimulates powerful contractions during labor of uterine muscles, and causes milk ejection.

Question 9

antidiuretic hormone

Answer 9

causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water and decreased urine output while increasing blood volume.

Question 10

Thyroid Hormone

Answer 10

Controls the rate at which glucose is burned and is
important for normal tissue growth and development.

Question 11

calcitonin

Answer 11

Decreases blood calcium levels by storing excess calcium in bone.

Question 12

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 12

Stimulates bone deconstruction cells to break down bone matrix and release calcium into the blood.

Question 13

Mineralocorticoids
Ex: Aldosterone

Answer 13

Regulate mineral (salt) content of blood, particularly sodium and potassium.

Question 14

Glucocorticoids
Ex: Cortisol

Answer 14

Promote normal cell metabolism,
Convert fats and proteins into glucose, and
Reduce pain and swelling.

Question 15

Epinephrine

Answer 15

Increase heart rate, blood glucose levels, and
Dilate small passageways to the lungs.

Question 16

Norepinephrine

Answer 16

Increase heart rate, blood glucose levels, and
Dilate small passageways to the lungs.

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

Removes excess glucose from blood and
stores glucose as glycogen in the liver.

Question 18

Glucagon

Answer 18

Breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into the blood.

Question 19

Melatonin

Answer 19

Regulates the day/night cycle, and
prevents sexual maturity until adult body size has been reached.

Question 20

Thymosin

Answer 20

Stimulates the production of T lymphocytes. Important for immunity.

Question 21

Estrogens

Answer 21

Stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females, and Prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg.it is also responsible for maintain pregnancy, and prepares the breasts to produce milk. It Regulates the menstrual cycle,
Memory, emotion and higher-order thinking (males and females).

Question 22

Progesterone

Answer 22

Reduces contractions of the uterus during pregnancy, prepare breasts to produce milk, and
Regulates the menstrual cycle.

Question 23

Testosterone

Answer 23

Sperm production, and stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics (males), as well as supporting cognition and promotes a sense of wellbeing (males and females).

Question 24

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Answer 24

Stimulates the ovaries to continue to produce estrogen and progesterone so the endometrium of the uterus stays intact during pregnancy as well as allowing access to fat reserves.

Question 25

Gastrin

Answer 25

causes the release of hcl.

Question 26

intestinal gastrin

Answer 26

inhibits the release of hcl.

Question 27

Secretin

Answer 27

Causes liver to secrete bile and pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice, and Inhibits the stomach from secreting digestive enzymes.

Question 28

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 28

Slows down the emptying of food from the stomach, and stimulates the production of bile in the liver and causes the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine.

Question 29

Leptin

Answer 29

Suppresses appetite.

Question 30

why does the thymosin gland reduce in size with age?

Question 31

what structures and hormones are involved in the ovulation process?

Answer 31

1.Hypothalamus 2.releasing hormone 3.anterior pituitary 4.luteinizing hormone 5.ovaries 6.estrogen 7.Ovulation

Question 32

what is the deference between negative feedback and positive feedback?

Answer 32

negative feedback is used to maintain homeostasis (EX.homeostasis) while positive feedback is not. (EX. a fever).

Question 33

What structure tells the anterior pituitary gland to release the follicle stimulating hormone? What hormone was used to give it that instruction? What structure will be affected by the follicle stimulating hormone?

Answer 33

(GnRH) releasing hormone, stimulates the release of the follicle stimulating hormone in the pituitary gland which effects the ovaries. The hypothalamus releases the GnRH.

Question 34

what gland and hormone are responsible for sleep cycle regulation?

Answer 34

Melatonin which is produced in the pineal gland.

Question 35

what three endocrine structures are found in the brain?

Answer 35

Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain. (closer to the front, above the pituitary gland) Pineal gland: This gland is located in the middle of the brain. Pituitary gland: This gland is located below the brain.