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The Mediverse 3💫 > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

______________________ is a network of glands and organs located throughout the body to maintain its homeostasis.

A

The endocrine system

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2
Q

What is the major difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

A

The nervous system uses nerve impulses and neurotransmitters for communication.
The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones for communication.

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3
Q

Hormones are secreted by ______________ in the endocrine system, traveling through the blood stream to various organs and tissues.

A

Glands

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4
Q

_____________, _______________, and _______________ are some body functions controlled by the endocrine system

A

Metabolism
Appetite
Reproduction and sexual function
Sleep and waking cycles
Temperature
Heart rate
Growth and development

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5
Q

Mention 5 glands of the endocrine system

A

Pituitary
Pineal
Thymus
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Testes

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6
Q

Hyperthyroidism is characterized by _________________

A

Excess production of thyroid hormone

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7
Q

Hypothyroidism is characterized by __________________

A

Insufficient production of thyroid hormone

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8
Q

What is Cushing syndrome?

A

Condition characterized by high levels of Cortisol.

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9
Q

A condition characterized by low levels of Cortisol and aldosterone production is called ________________

A

Addison’s Disease

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10
Q

Hypogonadism is characterized by _______________

A

Lowered production of the sex hormone, Testosterone

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11
Q

Acromegaly is a condition attributed to the excess production of what hormone?

A

Growth hormone

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12
Q

Low levels of estrogen in females and testosterone in males could lead to an abnormal loss of bone mass or change in bone tissue. The condition is called _____________

A

Osteoporosis

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13
Q

List 10 hormones of the endocrine system

A

Growth hormone
Prolactin
Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Adenocorticotropic hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Oxytocin
Vasopressin/Anti diuretic hormone
Calcitonin
Aldosterone
Parathyroid hormone
Melatonin
Serotonin
Testosterone
Estrogen

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14
Q

Hormones are divided into two groups _______________ and _______________ based on their chemical structure

A

Amino acid derived hormones
Lipid derived hormones

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15
Q

Amino acid derived hormones are divided into 3; ________________, ______________, and ________________

A

Amines
Peptides
Proteins

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16
Q

Lipid derived hormones are further subdivided into __________________

A

Steroids

17
Q

Amine hormones are synthesized from amino acids _____________ and _________________

A

Tryptophan
Thyroid hormone

18
Q

The group of hormones known as Catecholamines are synthesized from what amino acid?

A

Thyroid hormone

19
Q

What hormones make up the Catecholamines?

A

Epinephrine
Nor-epinephrine
Dopamine

20
Q

The amine hormone synthesized from tryptophan is ______________

A

Melatonin

21
Q

Peptide and protein hormones are synthesized by _____________________

A

DNA transcription into mRNA and translation into amino acid chain

22
Q

___________ and ______________ are protein hormones

A

Growth hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone

23
Q

Steroids are synthesized from ________________

A

Cholesterol

24
Q

Examples of steroid hormones

A

Reproductive hormones (Estrogen and Testosterone)
Aldosterone
Cortisol

25
Q

The message a hormone sends is received by a ________________ in the target cell or organ

A

Hormone receptor

26
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A receptor is a protein located inside a cell or within the cell membrane that functions to process hormonal messages.

27
Q

The secondary messenger mechanism of hormone action involves what type of receptors?

A

Transmembrane hormone receptors

The Mediverse 3💫 (7 decks)

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