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MRCP > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

DM

Short acting SFU used in elderly.

A

Gliplizide.

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2
Q

DM

How much approximately SFU decrease HbA1C?

A

1.5

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3
Q

DM

Two examples of SFU

A

Gli-
Gliplizide, Glimepiride

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4
Q

Two classes of insulin secretors

A

1) SFU.
2) Meglitinide. Ex: Repaglinide.
Both causes increase in weight.

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5
Q

DM

Mention the classes of DM medications

A

A) Insulin secretors:
1- SFU 2- Meglitinide.
B) Glucose excretion:
Liver: 3- Biguinade. 4- TZD Kidney: 5- SGLT-2
C) Glucagon inhibitors:
6- GLP-1 7- DPP-4 Inhibitors

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6
Q

DM

Mention three examples of DPP-4 inhibitors

A
  • Gliptin
  • Saxa, lina, Alo, Sita
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7
Q

DM

Mention one exapmple of meglitinides

A

Repaglinide
One of insulin secretors classes. Like SFU
Will increase weight + causes hypoglycemia

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8
Q

DM

Contraindicated in bladder cancer

A

TZD (Pioglitazone)
CI in osteoporosis, bladder cancer and CHF

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9
Q

Which SGLT-2 causes fornier?

A

All, more with Canagliflozine.

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10
Q

DI

Managment of Li induce nephrogenic DI?

A

Amiloride

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11
Q

DI

What are the causes of nephrogenic DI?

A

Demeclocycline, Lithium, Renal diseases like uropathy, amyloid

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12
Q

DI

What electrolyte disturbance causes nephrogenic DI?

A

hypercalcemia, Hypokalemia,

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13
Q

DI

Expected urine osmolarity after vasopressin in central DI?

A

More than 600

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14
Q

AI

Mention 4 causes of Primary AI

A

1) Addison disease.
2) TB\Sarcoidosis.
3) Autoimmune polyglandular disease.
4) Shmidt syndrome.

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15
Q

AI

What is the difference between the two types of autoimmune polyglandular disease?

A

Both have hepatitis, celiac.
I:
- In children, primary hypoparathyroidsm, mucocutaneous diseases.
- In adults: DMI, Thyroiditis, premature ovarian failure.

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16
Q

AI

Triad of Shmidt syndrome

A

Type I DM, AI, hypothyroidism

17
Q

AI

Myasthenia seen in which syndrome? (AI)

A

Autoimmune polyglandular disease Type II

18
Q

AI

What are the features that differentiate between primary and secondary AI?

A

1) Normal K level in central AI.
2) Hyperpigmentation.

19
Q

AI

Why there is normal K level in central AI?

A
  • AGII still active.
20
Q

AI

What are the causes of Adrenal crisis?

A

1) Sudden cessation of steroid.
2) Stress: Surgery, infection, psychological, GI illness is the most common cause.
3) Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (Meningococcemia).
4) Pituitary apoplexy.

21
Q

AI

Other lab parameters suggest AI?

A

Hypercalcemia and esonophilia.

22
Q

AI

Approach for AI by lab parameters? how to diagnose?

A

Look at the figures.

23
Q

AI

AI diagnosis steps with levels?

A
24
Q

AI

What are the tests you can use for central AI?

A

1) Insulin tolerance test
2) metyrapone stimulation test
3) ACTH Level (to localize only)

25
Q

Urinary incontinence

Mention three anti-muscarinic used in urinary incontinence

A

oxybutynin (immediate release), tolterodine (immediate release) or darifenacin (once daily preparation)

26
Q

Syndromes

polyuria, polydipsia and a hypokalaemic alkalosis?

A

Bartter

27
Q
A
28
Q

MODY is AD or AR?

A

AD, Respond to SFU.
Patients usually have low BMI
Present in early adulthood

29
Q

MODY VS DMI VS DM II

A

MODY:
- Low or normal BMI VS DM II
- Not usually have DKA, they present with non-ketotic hyperglycemia VS DMI

30
Q

Side effects of HRT

A

Weight gain, edema and nasuea + breast tenderness.

31
Q

Complications of Hormone replacement therapy

A

1) Breast cancer: increase with Progesterone
2) Endometrial cancer: increase with esterogene (risk decrease with addition of progesterone)
3) DVT: Increase with addition of progesterone
Both: increase risk of stroke and ACS
Summary:
- Progesteron increase risk of Breast cancer + DVT And protect against endometrial cancer

MRCP (4 decks)

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