Flashcards in Endocrinology Deck (24)
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1
Hyposecretion
The secretion of too little hormone
2
Hypersecretion
The secretion of too much hormone
3
Hyporesponsiveness
Occurs when the receptors on target cells are under-responsive to a hormone
4
Hyperresponsiveness
Occurs when the target cells over respond to a hormone
5
Primary Disorder
The disorder is located primarily in the end-organ
6
What is an example of a primary disorder?
Primary hyperthyroidism - under production of the thyroid hormone, which happens because of problems in the thyroid itself
7
Secondary Disorder
The source of the disorder is somewhere besides the end-organ
8
What two glands are usually involved in a secondary disorder?
Hypothalamus or pituitary
9
What is an example of a secondary disorder?
Secondary hypercortisolism - a pituitary tumor makes makes too much ACTH, causing the adrenal gland to make too much cortisol
10
What is a tropic hormone?
A hormone whose purpose is to release another hormone
11
In a patient with hyperthyroidism, what would you expect to happen to the levels of T3, T4, and TSH? (would they be higher than normal, normal, or lower than normal?
T3 - higher than normal
T4 - higher than normal
TSH - lower than normal
12
Which gland sits in the anterior neck and consists mainly of follicles; it also contains colloid
The thyroid gland
13
Which cells of the thyroid secrete calcitonin?
C cells
14
How many parathyroid glands are there, and where are they located?
4; posterior surface of the thyroid
15
The actual thyroid hormone is secreted where?
Within the colloid space
16
The 3 and 4 of T3 and T4 refer to what?
The number of Iodide groups
17
Which thyroid hormone is more active, T3 or T4?
T3; T4 can actually covert to T3 when levels are low
18
The general term for any situation in which plasma levels of cortisol are chronically lower than normal
Adrenal insufficiency
19
Patients with adrenal insufficiency suffer from what type of symptoms
Weakness, lethargy, loss of appetite
20
Why might patients with an adrenal insufficiency suffer from low blood pressure?
Because cortisol is needed to permit the full extent of the cardiovascular actions of epinephrine
21
A decrease in aldosterone concentration can cause what problem?
An imbalance of Na+, K+, and water
22
What disease is caused by too much cortisol in the blood?
Cushing's syndrome
23
How does Secondary Cushing's syndrome (Cushing's disease) present?
Uncontrolled catabolism of bone, muscle, skin and other organs
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