Endocrinology Flashcards
(19 cards)
which hormones are released from the anterior pituitary?
CRH GnRH GHRH Somatostatin TRH Dopamine
what does CRH signal the release of?
ACTH
what signals the release of FSH and LH?
GnRH
what does somatostatin do?
inhibit release of GH
what does dopamine do?
inhibit prolactin production
which hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?
ADH and Oxytocin
what is the role of ADH?
regulates fluid balance by increasing water reabsorption and control blood vessels through vasoconstriction
what is the role of oxytocin?
contraction of uterus
milk ejection from mammary glands
what 2 symptoms do pituitary tumours often cause?
bi-temporal hemianopia
new-onset headache
what is cause by a GH secreting pituitary tumour?
gigantism in children
acromegaly in adults
what does an ACTH secreting pituitary tumour cause?
Cushing’s disease
how would a prolactinoma present?
woman: oligomenorrhoea, infertility, galactorrhea
men: erectile dysfunction, less facial hair, galactorrhea
treatment of a prolactinoma?
dopamine agonist: bromocriptine or cabergoline
may need surgery for macro adenomas (>10mm)
signs of acromegaly?
large hands and feet macroglossia coarsening face wide spaced teeth skin darkening increased sweating backache snoring
treatment of acromegaly?
surgery to remove tumour
2nd line: somatostatin analogue e.g. octreotride
what is the role of parathyroid hormone?
regulates calcium homeostasis
increased serum calcium and decreased serum phosphate indicates what?
hyperparathyroidism
- an overactive parathyroid gland
what is secondary hyperparathyroidism often caused by?
what would happen to calcium, PTH, phosphate levels?
chronic hypocalcaemia e.g. CKD
low calcium, raised PTH, high phosphate
what is vitamin Ds role in calcium regulation?
causes the GI tract to reabsorb more calcium
