ENDOCRINOLOGY started 24/05 Flashcards
(395 cards)
ADRENALS
ADRENALS
Where is aldosterone produced in the adrenal cortex?
Zona glomerulosa
Where is cortisol produced in the adrenal cortex?
Zona fasiculata
Where are androgens produced in the adrenal cortex?
Zona reticularis
Where is epinephrine produced in the adrenals?
Chromaffin cells in the medulla
What is a glucocorticoid?
Steroid hormone that plays a role in glucose metabolism
What is the primary endogenous glucocorticoid?
cortisol
What metabolic process does cortisol promote?
Gluconeogenesis
Cortisol promotes gluconeogenesis. What is Gluconeogenesis?
Metabolism of glucose from non sugar source such as proteins and fats.
Where is norepinephrine produced in the adrenals?
Chromaffin cells in the medulla
Where is dopamine produced in the adrenals?
Chromaffin cells in the medulla
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
What is pheochromocytoma?
Tumour of the medulla of the adrenal glands that secrete high amount of catecholamine
List four conditions which has an increased risk of pheochromocytoma development?
- MEN type 2
Multiple endocrine neoplasia - Neurofibromatous type 1
- Von Hippel Lindau syndrome
- Paraganglioma syndrome type 1,3,4
What is the inheritance pattern in MEN syndrome
Autosomal dominant
lol men are dominant creatures
Is MEN type 1 associated with increased risks of pheochromocytoma?
NO
List the endocrine organs affected in MEN type 1 syndrome
- Pituitary gland
- Parathyroid gland
- Pancreas
List the features of MEN type 2A syndrome
1.Pheochromocytoma
2. Medullary thyroid cancer
3. Parathyroid gland affected
List the features of MEN type 2B syndrome
1.Pheochromocytoma
2. Medullary thyroid cancer
3. Mucosal neuromas
4. Marfanoid features
There is an increased risk of pheochromocytomas in paraganglioma syndrome. What types carries this risk?
Type 1, 3 & 4
What is paraganglioma syndrome?
Characterised by development of neuroendocrine tumors in adult hood.
Manifest as head and neck tumours, adrenal and extra adrenal pheochromocytomas
What is the inheritance pattern in Von Hippel Lindau syndrome?
Autosomal dominant
Mnemonic Von HOLLER Lindau - loud and hollering therefore dominant
What is Von Hippel Lindau syndrome?
Characterized by cystic, benign and malignant growth in various organs such as brain & spinal cord
Phaeochromocytoma accounts for what % of hypertension cases?
0.1%
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