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3rd yr- CSB- summary sheets > Endodontics > Flashcards

Endodontics Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What is the cause of Endodontics disease

A

Fungi, bacteria

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2
Q

Describe Endodontic microbes

A

Virtually all bacteria that cause Endodontics disease are anaerobic but some facultative anaerobic

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3
Q

Describe bacteria found in the apical region

A
  1. Lower bacterial count
  2. Strict anaerobes
  3. Less accessible to treatment measures
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4
Q

Describe bacteria found in the coronal region

A
  1. Higher bacterial count
  2. Facultative anaerobes
  3. More accessible to treatment
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5
Q

Where do bacteria in the apical region get their nutrients

A

Nutrients gained from peririadicular

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6
Q

Where do bacteria in the apical region get their nutrients

A

Nutrients from oral cavity

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7
Q

Are facultative or strict anaerobes easier to kill with the irrigant

A

Strict anaerobes are easier to kill with irrigant

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8
Q

How can biofilms be resistant to eradication

A
  1. Physical barrier
  2. Mechanical
  3. Shape
  4. Metabolism
  5. Transfer
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9
Q

What is clinical diagnosis

A

The diagnosis and management of pulpal disease and periapical disease

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10
Q

What are the problems with diagnosing Endodontics

A

We are reliant on the patient description of symptoms which may be confusing

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11
Q

How do we go about diagnosing Endodontics disease

A
  1. Palpate soft tissues and look for swellings and sinus
  2. see if the tooth is TTP or is it mobile
  3. Use hot and cold objects
  4. Ask the patient SOCRATES
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12
Q

What problems are associated with diagnosing multi rooted teeth h

A

Patients may have one dead root and one vital root so symptoms and special test results may not be accurate

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13
Q

What should you always do before starting Endodontic treatment

A

RUBBER DAM AND ISOLATE

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14
Q

What shape are we aiming to create when shaping the root

A

Aim to achieve a continuously tapering funnel from apex to access cavity that flows with the shape of the original canal

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15
Q

Which foramen should remain in the same position following shaping

A

Apical foramen should remain in its original position

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16
Q

What type of prep are we doing when carrying out root canal treatment

A

Chemo mechanical

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17
Q

What is chemo mechanical prep

A

Shaping with instruments

Cleaning with irritants

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18
Q

How far does irrigant go from the end of the needle

A

1MM

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19
Q

What do we create first when shaping

A

A coronal flare

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20
Q

How do we create a coronal flare

A

Using gates gladdens or the pro taper gold system

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21
Q

What is Patency filing

A

Taking a small file al the way through the spec to rid of any debris

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22
Q

Which file do we use to patency file

A

10K

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23
Q

What is recapitulation

A

Taking MAF down to the working length to check its maintained

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24
Q

Name the 2 types of metal used in Endodontics

A

Nickel titanium

Stainless steel

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25
What is nickel titanium used for
Rotary instruments
26
What is stainless steel used for
Used for hand filing
27
Which metal is safer to work wit
Nickel titanium as you down have to manipulate rotary files
28
What procedural errors can occur in Endodontics
1. Dentine debris can stop the file from going all the way to the working length 2. Ledges can form 3. Perforation 4. irrigant
29
How can we form a ledge during shaping
Pushing file apically too hard and file ends up cutting its own canal
30
How can files fractures
1. Torsional failure | 2. Cyclic fatigue
31
What is torsional failure
When a file splits die to too much pressure being put on it
32
How can we avoid torsional failure
Can be avoided by not pushing too hard and twisting too much
33
What is cyclic fatigue
When the file is held around the curve too long and further bending on the inside causes the file to snap
34
How can we avoid cyclic fatigue
Constantly move the file in and out
35
Are thicker or thinner files more lilted to fracture
Thicker due to cyclic fatigue
36
What is a big problem in curved canals
A tight radius
37
What is an apical granuloma
A formation of tissue that forms at root tip
38
What disease do you have if you have an apical granuloma
Periapical periodontitis
39
After treatment when should an RCT be assessed
At least once a year
40
Talk through some favourable outcomes following RCT
1. Absence of pain 2. No swelling or other symptoms 3, No sinus tract 4. No loss of function 5. Radiographical evidence of a normal PDL space around the root
41
What suggests the outcome of an RCT is unfavourable
If the radiographic lesion has remained the same size
42
If the radiographic lesion has not gotten smaller following RCT what do we do
Advised to assess lesion further until its resolved for at least 4 years If the lesion persists after 4 years RCT is considered to be associated with post treatment disease
43
What is the loose criterial we follow when asking the outcome of RCT
Tooth is: 1. functional 2. Pain free 3. No signs of swelling 4. Lesion has resolved
44
How do we tell a patient the RCT has failed
The disease has persisted despite RCT
45
If a file were to snap in the patients mouth how would you tell them
The file has separated
46
How can we improve survival rate of an RCTed tooth
1. Extend filling to within 2mm of the radio-graphic apex 2. Filling should be well condensed with no voids 3. Good quality coronal restoration
47
What can decrease the survival rate of an RCT tooth
1. Pre op presence of sinus 2. Increase size of lesion 3. Presence of flare up 4. Perofration 5. Mixing chlorohexidine and sodium hypocholite 6. Missing a canal 7. Fractured instrument
48
What do we look at when assessing a radiograph for an endodontic case
1. Root length 2. Degree of canal sclerosis 3. Canal symmetry 4. Canal curvature
49
What is a problem we can face when asking root shape on a radiograph
The root can change direction suddenly and we can not see this on a radiograph
50
List some factors that might increase the difficulty of treatment
1. Multiple portals of exit 2. Spliting of root canals 3. Deep canals
51
Name the most common cause of RCT failure
Veronica root fracture
52
List some distinctive features fo vertical root fracture
1. Sinus at mid root level 2. When going round the tooth the probe may suddenly drop 13-14mm 3. Circumferential bone loss will be seen on both sides of the tooth
53
If a patient has a vertical root fracture what might you have to do
Extract
54
When taking a history what do we note down
1. Complaint of 2. History of presenting complain 3. Previous dental history 4. Medical history 5. Social history
55
What might a patient with acute periapical periodontitis present with
1. May present with acute inflammation 2. Tooth may be slightly higher int eh socket 3. If tooth is touched at the apex it will really Hirt
56
What might a patient with chronic periapical periodontitis present with
May present with no pain
57
What might a patient with acute periapical abcess present with
1. excruciating pain | 2. Face may be swollen
58
List the stages of a normal treatment planning
1. Definitive direct restorations 2. Endodontics therapy 3. Temporary crowns 4. Denture design 5. Crowns 6. Fixed/ removable partial dentures 7. Recall
59
Outline the steps we follow when doing an RCT
1. Access 2. Coronal flare 3. Working length 4. Irrigate 5. Obturate
60
When are radiographs taken during RCT
4 times 1. Pre op 2. Working length 3. Master point 4. Post op
61
What do we assess when looming at a root filled tooth
1. Endodontics assessment 2. Periodontal assessment 3. Coronal tissue assessment
62
What do we look at when assessing the coronal tissues
1. Height. thickness of tooth tissue 2. Position of tooth tissue 3. Restorations 4. Aesthetisc 5. Occlusion
63
Why might we restore root filled teeth
1. Function 2. Aesthetics 3. To prevent re infection 4. Prevent further bone loss
64
When would we restore a tooth immediately
1. When we want a good coronal seal | 2. When risk of tooth fracture is high
65
When might we delay restoring a tooth
1. If risk of endoodntic failure is present | 2. If the tooth requires Endodontics revision or apical surgery
66
What are the benefits fo restoring a tooth straight away
1. Permanet coroanl seal 2. Protection from risk of root fracture 3. Restoration places tooth in function early
67
What are the drawbacks fo restoring a tooth straight away
1. If RCT fails then expensive to replace restoration
68
What are the benefits of delaying tooth restoration
1. Endodntic success confirmed 2. Less risk of having to damage restoration 3. Expense of new crown avoided
69
What are the drawback of delaying tooth restoration
Potentially a long delay before permeant restoration placed 2. Increased risk of tooth fracture 3. Increased risk of loss of coronal seal
70
How can we restore a root filled tooth
1. cut down GP and place a plastic restoration 2. Nayyar core 3. Pre fabricated restoration 4. Cast post and core restoration
71
What are the advantages of Nayyar core
1. Can be placed immediately after Endodontics 2. Uses coronal tooth structure to improve retention 3. Reduces stress 4. Easy to remove
72
What are the problems with putting a post in
They weaken the tooth
73
Describe how healthy periapical tissues look on a radiograph
1. Radiolucent line of the PDL membrane space 2. Radiopaque line that represents lamina dura 3. Some teeth have a clear line all the way around
74
What superimposed shadows may be seen on a radiograph that could be mistaken for periapical pathology
1. maxillary antra 2. Nasopalatine foramen and incisive canals 3. Mental cyst
75
What is rarefying osteitis
Radilucent inflammation of the bone
76
What is osseous dysplasia
A begin disease that causes radiolucencies on apical regions of teeth
77
Talk through the disease progression of a cyst
1. Acute periapical periodontitis 2. Rarefying osteitis 3. Apical abscess 4. Cyst
78
Talk through the disease progression for periapical periodontitis
1. Pulpitis 2. Reversible pulpitis 3. Irreverisble pulpitis 4. Periapical periodontitis
79
Talk through the disease progression for a periapical granuloma
1. Chronic periapical periodontitis 2. Rarefying osteitis 3. Sclerosing osteitis 4. periapical granuloma

3rd yr- CSB- summary sheets (6 decks)

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