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Dental Materials > Endodontics > Flashcards

Endodontics Flashcards

1
Q

Pulp capping materials

A
  • calcium hydroxide
  • dentine bonding agents
  • calcium silicate-based cements
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2
Q

Materials for obturating points

A
  • metal points
  • gutta percha
  • thermoplastic polymer point
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3
Q

Canal sealer cements

A
  • calcium hydroxide
  • ZOE
  • resins
  • GICs
  • polydimethylsiloxanes
  • CSCs
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4
Q

CSCs are similar to …

A

Portland cement

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5
Q

Different constitutions of calcium silicate-based cement

A
  • powder and liquid in a 3:1 ratio
  • powder
  • liquid
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6
Q

Explain powder version of CSC

A
  • all contain calcium silicate
  • some contain other components like calcium aluminate
  • CaSO4.2H2O extends WT and ST
  • bismuth oxide is a radio-opacifier
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7
Q

Explain liquid version of CSC

A
  • ultra pure-water used in all products
  • calcium chloride added to some products to accelerate setting reaction
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8
Q

CSC are acidic/alkaline
Explain

A
  • alkaline
  • pH10 rises to around 12.5
  • neutralizes acids
  • antibacterial/biocompatible
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9
Q

When CSC powder is mixed with water, it forms what?

A

a sandy mixture

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10
Q

Setting of CSC

A
  • in presence of moisture
  • 2(3Ca3OSiO4) +6H2O ->3CaO.2SiO2.3H2O + 3Ca(OH)2
  • with 4 waters, makes 1 calcium hydroxide
  • this is the bi-product
  • initial set takes 15 mins
  • final set over 25
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11
Q

Objectives of endodontic treatment

A
  • provide a clean canal
  • provide apical seal
  • provide coronal seal
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12
Q

Why do we provide a clean canal in endodontics?

A
  • reduce bacteria to non-pathogenic levels
  • irrigans include 1-10% NaClO, EDTA, citric acid
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13
Q

Why do we provide an apical seal in endodontics?

A
  • prevent fluid getting into canal - potential bacterial nutrients
  • prevent irritants entering periapical tissues
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14
Q

Why do we provide a coronal seal in endodontics?

A
  • prevent recontamination due to ingress of micro-organisms
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15
Q

Current approach to endodontics to reach all goals

A
  • obturating points
  • canal sealer
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16
Q

Metals used in metal points

A
  • gold
  • silver
  • lead
  • tin
  • copper
  • titanium
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17
Q

Which is the most popular metal in metal points?
Why?
Still?

A
  • silver
  • bactericidal, rigid
  • poor adaption - relies on cement to make seal
  • corrosion - tissue discolouration
  • not used as much anymore
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18
Q

Explain Gutta Percha points

A
  • used for over 100 years
  • form of natural rubber (isoprene)
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19
Q

2 types of isoprene

A
  • cis
  • trans
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20
Q

Explain cis-isoprene

A

(isoprene/ cis-isoprene)
- amorphous, flexible, soft
- needs crosslinks to harden (vulcanisation with sulphur) - thermoset

21
Q

Explain trans-isoprene

A
  • gutta percha#
  • crystalline (around 60%), hard, rigid
  • thermoplastic - softens around 60-65 degrees, melts around 100 degrees
  • oxidises on light exposure and becomes brittle
22
Q

Difference between cis and trans isoprene

A
  • CH2-CH2 bond at bottom in cis, H and CH3 on top not bonded
  • CH2-CH2 bond in trans on top with 2 H other side not bonded
23
Q

Explain the beta-phase Gutta Percha

A
  • crystalline
  • formed by rapid cooling from high temp
  • used for cold packing
24
Q

Explain alpha-phase of gutta percha

A
  • denser
  • formed by slow cooling from high temp
  • used for thermal packing
25
Q

Composition of Gutta Percha

A
  • 19-22% gutta percher
  • 59-75& zinc oxide
  • 1-17% heavy metal salt
  • 1-4% wax/resin
26
Q

Role of Gutta percha

A

rubberR

27
Q

Role of zinc oxide

A

filler

28
Q

Role of heavy metal salt

A

radio-opacifier

29
Q

Role of wax/resin

A

plasticiser

30
Q

Ideal biocompatibility of canal sealers

A
  • no inflam response if contacts vital tissues
  • bactericidal/bacteriostatic
31
Q

Ideal sealing properties of canal sealers

A
  • bacterial barrier more important than physical
  • easy to remove in failure
32
Q

Ideal physical properties of canal sealer

A
  • flow to thin film thickness
  • insoluble
  • radio-opaque
33
Q

Non-setting calcium hydroxide cements apear how?

A
  • slurry paste
  • calcium hydroxide and water
  • add methylcellulose for viscosity
34
Q

Properties of non-setting calcium hydroxide cements

A
  • can be removed - useful for inter-visit medication, apexifications
  • bactericidal - high pH against persistant infection
  • inhibits osteoclasts - high pH arrests root resorption
  • high viscosity - completely fill canal
35
Q

How does setting calcium hydroxide cement appear?

A
  • paste-paste system
  • many ingredients similar to traditional cement
  • long working time
36
Q

Properties of calcium hydroxide cements

A
  • high pH - bactericidal, biocompatible
  • high solubility - low strength
37
Q

How is zinc oxide eugenol canal sealer similar to traditional cements?

A
  • smaller particle size - improve flow
  • porous
  • decompose over time (zinc oxide and eugenol leach)
  • resins added to decrease solubility
  • low strength - effect of pores
  • antimicrobial
  • inflammatory - prevent leakage beyond apex
38
Q

Explain zinc oxide eugenol canal sealer as a powder liquid system

A
  • Rickert’s formulation
  • contained silver which discolours dentine
  • thick film, short working time
  • and Grossman’s sealer - replace silver with bismuth or barium, long working time
39
Q

Explain paste-paste system of zinc oxide eugenol canal sealer

A
  • e.g Tubil-seal
  • thin film
  • short working time
40
Q

Resins are formulated to have … properties
Explain

A
  • ideal
  • smooth paste with good flow and sealing
  • dimensionally stable, low shrinkage
  • long WT, short ST
  • adhesion to dentine and obturating materials
  • good biocompatibility (initially toxic but long term antibacterial)
  • potential for allergies however
41
Q

2 most common resins

A
  • epoxy-amine resin (AH plus)
  • polyvinyl resin (Diaket)
42
Q

Features of epoxy-amine resin

A
  • long working time
  • good viscosity
  • thin film
43
Q

Features of polyvinyl resin

A
  • rapid setting
  • viscous and sticky
  • difficult to manipulate
44
Q

CSCs are similar to what material?

A

pulp capping material

45
Q

Features of CSCs

A
  • biocompatible (tertiary dentine deposition)
  • good seal (coronal and apex)
  • good WT and long ST (may need subsequent appointments)
  • difficult to manipulate (viscosity)
  • can lead to tooth staining (metallic adhesives the reason)
  • expensive
46
Q

Features of GICs

A
  • low shrinkage
  • short WT
  • thick films
47
Q

Polydimethylsiloxanes are similar to …

A
  • impression material
  • addition silicone
48
Q

Features of polydimethylsiloxanes

A
  • good flow
  • thin films
  • dimensionally stable
  • biocompatible
  • no bond to dentine
  • not antibacterial

Dental Materials (17 decks)

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