ENDOGENIC

Question 1

Geological processes associated with energy originating in the interior of the solid earth

Answer 1

Endogenic Process

Question 2

3 Main sources of heat on Earth

Answer 2

1. Heat from the accretion of Earth during its formation
2. Frictional Heating, caused by the sinking of core materials to the center of the planet
3. Heat from the decay of radioactive elements

Question 3

The formation and movement of magma

Answer 3

Magmatism

Question 4

Molten rocks that are found beneath Earth’s surface is called?

Answer 4

Magma

Question 5

magma emerges at the surface it is called?

Answer 5

Lava

Question 6

Factors that affect magma formation?

Answer 6

Temperature, Pressure, Water Content, and Mineral Composition

Question 7

happens when temperature stays the same but the pressure decreases and it occurs at divergent boundaries, where tectonic plates separate

Answer 7

Decompression Melting

Question 8

melting triggers when volatiles or gaseous substances are added into the hot solid rocks and happens at convergent margins

Answer 8

Flux Melting

Question 9

melting of surrounding rocks caused by very hot magma bringing in additional heat. It occurs in ridges, rift valleys, hotspots and subduction zone

Answer 9

Heat Transfer Melting

Question 10

where rocks begins to melt but only certain minerals are melting

Answer 10

Partial Melting

Question 11

Volcanoes are the visible manifestation of the process of rock formation and the eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of a planet.

Answer 11

Volcanism

Question 12

3 Types of Volcanoes

Answer 12

Composite, Cinder-cone, and Shield

Question 13

They emit a stiff, rapidly solidifying lava which forms high, steep-sided cones

Answer 13

Composite Volcano

Question 14

They regularly throw out ash and build up flatter domes

Answer 14

Cinder-cone Volcano

Question 15

Its lava does not eject violently, but flows over the crater rim forming a broad low profile

Answer 15

Shield Volcano

Question 16

It is a type of eruption that is dominated by the flow of lava and formation of lakes and fountains

Answer 16

Effusive Eruption

Question 17

It is a type of eruption that ejects ash and larger fragments of broken pyroclastic materials (rock fragments).

Answer 17

Explosive Eruption

Question 18

The process when a rock changes its form into new one without undergoing melting or disintegration

Answer 18

Metamorphism

Question 19

What causes Metamorphism?

Answer 19

Heat, Pressure, and Hydrothermal

Question 20

5 Metamorphism processes

Answer 20

Recrystallization, Phase Change, Neocrystallization, Pressure Solution, Plastic Deformation

Question 21

changes in shape and size of minerals w/o changing its density.

Answer 21

Recrystallization

Question 22

transformation of one mineral to another mineral

Answer 22

Phase Change

Question 23

growth of new minerals that’s differs from the old rocks.

Answer 23

Neocrystallization

Question 24

dissolution of mineral grains when rock is squeezed dominantly in one direction at low temperature and pressure and presence of water.

Answer 24

Pressure Solution

Question 25

minerals become flattened or elongated w/o changing the composition

Answer 25

Plastic Deformation

Question 26

Tectonic forces operating inside the Earth causes rocks to undergo deformation and stress causes rocks to deform

Answer 26

Deformation

Question 27

3 Type of Stress

Answer 27

Tensional, Compressional and Shear

Question 28

stress that occurs when the dominant force is directed away from each other.

Answer 28

Tensional Stress

Question 29

stress that is formed when dominant force is directed towards each other.

Answer 29

Compressional Stress

Question 30

stress that develops when the two dominant force are directed towards each other but not along same axis

Answer 30

Shear Stress

Question 31

The resulting change in the rocks due to the different types of stress is called?

Answer 31

Strain

Question 32

Three stages of Deformation

Answer 32

Elastic, Ductile, Permanent

Question 33

In elastic deformation, its strain is?

Answer 33

Reversible

Question 34

In Ductile Deformation, the strain is?

Answer 34

Irreversible

Question 35

In Permanent Stage of Deformation, its elasticity reaches its?

Answer 35

Limit

Question 36

Structures produced by deformation?

Answer 36

Joints, Faults, and Folds

Question 37

Natural cracks in the rocks produced by brittle deformation

Answer 37

Joints

Question 38

planar structures resulting from brittle deformation but there is sliding between the rocks

Answer 38

Faults

Question 39

produced by deformation of ductile materials. They are contortions of rock layers forming wave-like curves

Answer 39

Folds