Endometrial Cancer

Question 1

What are the histological types of Endometrial Cancer?

Answer 1

1) Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

2) Endometrial carcinoma with squamous differentiation

3) Mucinous type

4) Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma (UPSC)

5) Clear Cell Carcinoma (CCC)

6) Squamous type

Question 2

What is the rarest histological type of Endometrial Cancer?

Answer 2

Squamous type

Question 3

What is the most common histological type of Endometrial Cancer?

Answer 3

Endometroid Adenocarcinoma

Question 4

What are the 2 subtypes of endometrial cancer?

Answer 4

Type 1 & Type 2

Question 5

Type 1 Histology refers to what histological type of endometrial cancer?

Answer 5

Endometroid Adenocarcinoma

Question 6

At what menopausal stage, does Endometroid Adenocarcinoma affect women?

Answer 6

Perimenopausal women &
Premenopausal women

Question 7

In terms of BMI, what type of women have Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma?

Answer 7

Obese women

Question 8

What prognosis is given to women with Type 1 Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma?

Answer 8

Good Prognosis

Question 9

What lesions are found in Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma?

Answer 9

Preinvasive lesions

Question 10

Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma responds to what steroid hormone?

Answer 10

Estrogen

Question 11

What is the precursor to Type 1 Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma?

Answer 11

Endometrial hyperplasia

Question 12

According to WHO, what are the histological types of Endometrial Hyperplasia?

Answer 12

1) Typical hyperplasia / Hyperplasia without atypia (benign)

2) Atypical hyperplasia / Hyperplasia with atypia (malignant)

Question 13

Type 2 Histology refers to what histological types of Endometrial Cancer?

Answer 13

1) Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma (UPSC)

2) Clear Cell Carcinoma (CCC)

3) Mucinous type

Question 14

At what menopausal stage, does Type 2 Endometrial Cancer affect women?

Answer 14

Postmenopausal women

Question 15

In terms of BMI, what type of women have Type 2 Endometrial Cancer?

Answer 15

Lean & Thin women

Question 16

What prognosis is given to women with Type 2 Endometrial Cancer?

Answer 16

Bad prognosis

Question 17

What is the precursor to
Type 2 Endometrial Cancer?

Answer 17

Atrophic Endometritis

Question 18

What steroid hormone does Type 2 Endometrial Cancer NOT respond to?

Answer 18

Estrogen

Question 19

What is the average age of presentation for Endometrial Cancer?

Answer 19

60

Question 20

What is the most specific complaint in a Postmenopausal patient?

Answer 20

Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB)
- spotting

Question 21

What are the most common presenting complaint in a Perimenopausal patient?

Answer 21

Intermenstrual bleeding {AKA: Metrorrhagia}
OR

Heavy menstrual periods {AKA: Menorrhagia}

Question 22

What are the most common presenting complaint in a Premenopausal patient suspected of Endometrial Cancer?

Answer 22

♦ Heavy menstrual periods {AKA: Menorrhagia}

♦ Irregular periods

♦ Prolonged periods

Question 23

What signs may I find in a patient with endometrial cancer?

Answer 23

♦ Abdominal distention

♦ Abdominal lump (in advance stages)

♦ Pelvic pain (in advance stages)

♦ Simpson’s pain (in advance stages)

♦ Enlarged & fixed uterus

♦ Mass on cervix

♦ Mass in vagina

♦ Pelvic exam is often normal

Question 24

What is Simpson’s pain?

Answer 24

referred pain in the hypogastrium

Question 25

What are the other symptoms of Endometrial cancer?

Answer 25

♦ Pyometra

♦ Dirty vaginal discharge

Question 26

What lab investigations should be done in suspicion for Endometrial cancer?

Answer 26

♦ Beta hCG Test (for patients at childbearing age)

♦ Baseline CBC (to evaluate for anemia)

♦ Coagulation profile (for patients with features of bleeding disorders)

Question 27

How do I diagnose Endometrial Cancer

Answer 27

Endometrial biopsy and / or TVUS

Question 28

How do I Stage Endometrial Cancer?