ENDTERM

Question 1

The probability distribution of a statistic

Answer 1

Sampling distribution

Question 2

The statistic of the point estimate

Answer 2

Point Estimator

Question 3

The difference between the sample measure and the corresponding population measure since the sample is not a perfect representation of the population.

Answer 3

Sampling error

Question 4

We use statistical inference when we use ___________ methods to make decisions and draw conclusions about ___________.

Answer 4

statical, population

Question 5

A sample that is chosen at random from a population is important.

Answer 5

Unbiased sample

Question 6

A method of obtaining the sample by using chance methods in such a way that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Answer 6

Random Sampling

Question 7

Number each subject or respondent of the population and select every kth subject.

Answer 7

Systematic Sampling
(k = population size over sample size)

Question 8

Stratified Sampling

Answer 8

divide the population into groups or strata according to some characteristics that are important to the study. (random selection)

Question 9

Cluster Sampling

Answer 9

population are divided into sections or clusters.

Question 10

Multistage Sampling

Answer 10

Combination of basic sampling methods

Question 11

Some population parameter is a single numeric value ø of a statistic.

Answer 11

Point estimate

Question 12

Making inferences about parameters where one predicts the value of the population parameter.

Answer 12

parameter estimation

Question 13

The population is segmented into mutually exclusive subgroups.

Answer 13

Quota Sampling

Question 14

Sampling units are selected according to the purpose, used for some specific purposes.

Answer 14

Purposive Sampling

Question 15

Sampling by referal, if finding for participants is difficult

Answer 15

snowball sampling

Question 16

3 Sample Size Criteria

Answer 16

1. Level of Precision
2. Confidence Level
3. Degree of Variability

Question 17

Sometimes called as the sampling error. Ranges are expressed in percentage. Ex: (±5%)

Answer 17

Level of precision

Question 18

Sometimes called as the risk level

Answer 18

Confidence Level

Question 19

The distribution of the attributes of the population.

Answer 19

Degree of variability

Question 20

What does census do for a small population?

Answer 20

Eliminates sampling error and provides data of all individuals in the population.

Question 21

With the assumption that the confidence coefficient is 95% and the population proportion is close to 0.5, we can use the

Answer 21

Slovin’s Formula

Question 22

Slovin’s Formula

Answer 22

n = N / 1 + Ne²

where N is ths population size and e is the margin of error (0.05)

Question 23

conjecture about a population parameter. may or may not be true

Answer 23

statistical hypothesis

Question 24

a statistical hypothesis that states that there is no difference between a parameter and a specific value.

Answer 24

Null Hypothesis (Ho)

Question 25

statement that the parameter has a value that differs from the null hypothesis

Answer 25

Alternative Hypothesis (H1)

Question 26

Known as the research hypothesis

Answer 26

AH

Question 27

Indicates that the null hypothesis should be rejected when the test value is in critical region on one side of the mean.

Answer 27

One tailed tes

Question 28

Indicates that the null hypothesis should ve rejected when the test value is in either of the two critical regions.

Answer 28

Two-tailed Test

Question 29

uses the data obtained from a sample to decide whether the null hypothesis should be rejected.

Answer 29

Statistical Test

Question 30

The numerical value obtained from a statistical test.

Answer 30

Test Value

Question 31

separates the critical region from the non-critical region.

Answer 31

Critical Value

Question 32

the range of values of the test statistic that cause us to reject the null hypothesis.

Answer 32

critical or rejection region

Question 33

Type 1 error

Answer 33

rejecting a true null hypothesis

Question 34

type II error

Answer 34

failing to reject a false null hypothesis

Question 35

commonly used confidence level

Answer 35

90, 95, 99%

Question 36

Central Limit Theorem

Answer 36

when sample size is large, approximately 95% of the samples means taken from the population and the same sample size will fall within 1.96 standard errors of the population mean. μ = 1.96 +-((ó)/√n)

Question 37

we are testing the population characteristics such as means, variances, and proportions that involve assumptions about the populations from which the sample were selected.

Answer 37

Parametric Test

Question 38

z, t, and f tests are parametric tests

Answer 38

true

Question 39

test value formula

Answer 39

(observed value - expected value) / standard error

Question 40

A statistical test for the mean of the population. Can be used if n > 30 or when the population is normal distributed and ó is known.

Answer 40

z test for a mean

Question 41

statistical test for the mean o a population. used whem population is (approximately) normally distributed and ó is unknown.

Answer 41

t test for a mean

Question 42

When we compare three or more populations, we can use analysis of variance or simply

Answer 42

ANOVA

Question 43

Who introduced ANOVA?

Answer 43

Ronald A. Fisher

Question 44

Are conducted after finding significant differences in the analysis of variance.

Answer 44

Post-hoc Tests

Question 45

test used when testing the difference between two means from dependent samples.

Answer 45

Paired samples t test

Question 46

Also known as related T test

Answer 46

Period Samples t Test

Question 47

a statistical method used to determine of there is an existing linear relationship between variables.

Answer 47

Correlation

Question 48

a statistical measure of the strength of linear relationship between paired data.

Answer 48

Pearson's correlation coefficient

Question 49

pioneered research in the area of correlation. histograms mode

Answer 49

Karl Pearson

Question 50

Used if the value of correlation coefficient is significant.

Answer 50

Regression Analysis

Question 51

the developer of Spearman correlation.

Answer 51

Charles Spearman

Question 52

Known an distribution-free methods are used to test hypotheses that di not involve specific population parameters.

Answer 52

Nonparametric Methods

Question 53

Disadvantages of nonparametric tests

Answer 53

less sensitive that parametric counterparts use less information less efficient

Question 54

Positive values denote positive correlation

Answer 54

True. negative values denote negative correlation

Question 55

sd of each dependent variables must be the same for each value of iv

Answer 55

homoscedasticity

Question 56

variance is Greater than 1 and the mean, median, mode are equal to zero.

Answer 56

T distribution

Question 57

T distribution is sometimes called _______ because this was after the pseudonym of W.S. Gosset.

Answer 57

The student t-tes