energetics Flashcards
(22 cards)
aerobic respiration (3)
- derived from food using O2 = oxidative metabolism
- slow
- needed for enurance
6 cellular functions ATP is required for
- synthesis of cellular components (proteins, glucose, fatty acids, cholesterol)
- muscluar contractions
- active transport across membranes
- excretion of urea
- glandular secretions
- nerve conduction
anaerobic respiration (4)
- derived from food w/o utilization of o2
- fast
- glycolysis = glycogen -> lactic acid
glycogen is best source of energy - utilized during strenous bursts of activity
anaerobic energy is derived from…(3)
- ATP present in cells
- phosphocreatine
- glycolitic breakdown glycogen -> lactic acid
metabolic rate definition
- rate of heat liberation during chemical reactions in all cells of the body
procedures to measure metabolic rate (2)
- direct calorimetry
2. indirect= measures quantity of O2 released
basal metabolic rate (3)
- comparison method
- expressed in proportion to body surface area (cal/hr/sq meter)
- when healthy it doesnt vary more than 5-10% except for age
main physiological changes during exercise (4)
- increased metabolic rate
- muscles
- increased respiration
- increased cardiovascular output
females vs. males in athletic performance(8)
- females perform 2/3-3/4 worse than men because:
- females have less muscle mass, which means
- less muscle strength, 4. less pulmonary ventillation, 5. less cardic output
- hormones => 7. anabolic effects of testerone 8. estrogen causes increased fat deposits
contractile strength determined by
size
holding strength definition (2)
- force required to stretch a muscle after its has contracted
- approx 40% greater than max contractile strength
power of a muscle def
what it is determined by (4)
unit of measure
- amount of work per unit time that can be performed
- strength
- distance it contracts
- # times it contracts/minute
- very high in early phase of exercise then decreases
- measured in kg-m/min
endurance (2)
- depends on maintaining nutrition supply for muscle
2. high carb diet stores more glycogen in muscles
fast twitch muscle (3)
- rapid and forceful contraction
- twice as large in diameter
- more use of phosphagen and glycogen-lactic acid = anaerobic
slow twitch muscle (4)
- endurance exercise
- aerobic energy
- greater # mitochondria and more myoglobin (combines with O2 in muscle)
- higher capliiary density
sources of E for muscle contraction (3)
- phosphagen energy system
- glycogen - lactic acid system
- aerobic system
recovery systems after exercise (2)
- lactic acid formed during exercise => pyurvic acid and is metabolized (o2) or => glucose and stored in liver
- increased respiration to repay O2 debt
increased respiration after exercise is needed to… (5)
- reconvert lactic acid -> glucose
- reconvert AMP -> ADP -> ATP
- reestablish phosphocreatine levels
- reestablish [O2] in hemoglobin and myoglobin
- raise [O2] in lungs
pulmonary oxygen diffusing capacity (def)
rate at which O2 diffuses into alveoli
regulator of body temp (2)
- autonomic NS (receptors) and hypothalamus (integration) regulate body temp
- “set point” for temp control = 1 degree w/i 98.8 (critical core temp)
hot/humid conditions (2)
- limits heat loss
2. can lead to heat stroke because you can’t decrease body temp as fast as necessary
More info on phosphagen system (2)
- Phosphagen is a buffer connecting ATP to phosphocreatine
2.ATP -> ADP = 7300 cal/ mol
phosphocreatine -> creatine + phosphate = 10,300 cal/ mol
Only lasts 8-10s
