Energetics

Question 1

What is dephosphorylation?

Answer 1

The removal of a phosphate group from an organic compound through hydrolysis.

Question 2

What is deamination?

Answer 2

The removal of an amino group from a molecule.

Question 3

What is Starch?

Answer 3

A polysaccharide.

Question 4

Simple carbohydrate formula?

Answer 4

C H2 O.

Question 5

Where does beta oxidation take place?

Answer 5

In the Mitochondria.

Question 6

Beta Oxidation is…

Answer 6

a catabolic process where molecules are broken down in the cytosol to generate acetyl-CoA,

Question 7

What is myoglobin?

Answer 7

an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates.

Question 8

What enzyme facilitates hydrolysis?

Answer 8

ATPase.

Question 9

What does ATPase do?

Answer 9

breaks down ATP into ADP and free phosphate ion, releasing energy.

Question 10

How is glucose stored in muscle?

Answer 10

Insulin.

Question 11

What is Insulin?

Answer 11

a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets.

Question 12

How is glucose transported in a cell?

Answer 12

through facilitated diffusion.

Question 13

Facilitated diffusion is…

Answer 13

the passive movement of molecules across the cell membrane via the aid of a membrane protein.

Question 14

What is it called when a electron is gained…

Answer 14

Reduction.

Question 15

What is reduction?

Answer 15

the loss of oxygen atom from a molecule or the gaining of one or more electrons.

Question 16

The optimal temperature for enzymes is?

Answer 16

37.5/40 Degrees C. (around temp of human).

Question 17

A cell boundary is made up of…

Answer 17

plasma membrane.

Question 18

Cell membrane is…

Answer 18

selectively permeable, permeable to specific molecules that a cell needs.

Question 19

Molecules that defuse through the lipid bilayer…

Answer 19

02 + CO2.

Question 20

What is the lipid bilayer?

Answer 20

a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules, continues barriers around all cells.

Question 21

Name for when a lipid soluble molecule passes through cell membrane…

Answer 21

Diffusion.

Question 22

ATP produced in complete aerobic oxidation (respiration)…

Answer 22

36atp.

Question 23

Glycogenolysis is…

Answer 23

the breakdown of glycogen to glucose phosphate and glycogen

Question 24

Acidosis is…

Answer 24

a process causing increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues (i.e., an increased hydrogen ion concentration).

Question 25

What is the kerb cycle? (citric acid cycle)

Answer 25

is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 26

Electron transport takes place in...

Answer 26

the inner membrane layer of the mitochondria.

Question 27

Role of ATP?

Answer 27

major energy currency of the a cell, used as the main energy source for metabolic functions.

Question 28

The cori cycle is? (aka Lactic acid cycle)

Answer 28

lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in the muscles moves to the liver and is converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is metabolized back to lactate.

Question 29

Glycolysis takes place in the

Answer 29

cytoplasm.

Question 30

Cytoplasm is...

Answer 30

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Question 31

Hydrolysis is...

Answer 31

the separation of water molecules into the constituent hydrogen and oxygen atoms with electricity.

Question 32

What is the RER value when carbohydrates are predominantly used?

Answer 32

1.00 or above.

Question 33

What is the RER value when fats are predominantly used?

Answer 33

0.70.

Question 34

What is the RER value when fats and carbs mix for energy?

Answer 34

0.85.

Question 35

Organelle responsible for dealing with foreign bodies ?

Answer 35

lysosome or peroxisome.

Question 36

What name is given to a substance made up of only one type of atom?

Answer 36

element.

Question 37

The combination of atoms that form the smallest particle of a substance that can take place in a chemical reaction...

Answer 37

molecule.

Question 38

Bond where electrons are shared

Answer 38

covalent.

Question 39

Amount of free energy released in ATP hydrolysis...

Answer 39

31 kj/mole.

Question 40

Bond where electrons are donated...

Answer 40

ionic bond.

Question 41

What is an ion?

Answer 41

a charged atom.

Question 42

What does oxides mean?

Answer 42

lose electrons, lose hydrogen, gain oxygen.

Question 43

SI unit stands for...

Answer 43

standard international/system international.

Question 44

RMR stands for...

Answer 44

resting metabolic rate.

Question 45

BMR stands for...

Answer 45

basal metabolic rate.

Question 46

TEF stands for...

Answer 46

thermic effect of food.

Question 47

DIT stands for...

Answer 47

diet induced thermogenesis.

Question 48

TEA stands for...

Answer 48

thermic effect of activity.

Question 49

PAL stands for...

Answer 49

physical activity level.

Question 50

RER stands for...

Answer 50

respiratory exchange ratio.

Question 51

Factors that influence BMR/RMR?

Answer 51

age, sex and body size.

Question 52

'Gold Standard' method used to estimate free-living energy expenditure?

Answer 52

Doubly labeled water.

Question 53

What is the most variable contributor to total daily energy expenditure?

Answer 53

thermic effect of activity.

Question 54

The primary functions of polysaccharides are?

Answer 54

storage, structure and energy.

Question 55

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

Answer 55

C6 H12 O6.

Question 56

Sucrose is a disaccharide consisting of?

Answer 56

glucose and fructose.

Question 57

Compounds with carbohydrates along with fatty acids are called...

Answer 57

glycolipids.

Question 58

Lipids are important constituents of...

Answer 58

biological membranes.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a derivative of cholesterol? Steroid hormones Vitamin D Vitamin E Bile salts

Answer 59

vitamin E.

Question 60

Amino acids are multifunctional compounds that contain Carboxyl and amine groups Aldehyde and amide groups Ester and amine groups Carboxyl and amide groups

Answer 60

carboxyl and amine groups

Question 61

Amino acids are named based on the identity of their: Alpha carbon Hydroxyl group Side chain Carboxyl group

Answer 61

side chain.

Question 62

The forces that hold the subunits together in a quaternary structure are _________________________ those involved in tertiary structures The same as Greater than Less than The opposite of

Answer 62

the same as.