Energetics - Unit 3

Question 1

What is activation energy?

Answer 1

Activation energy is the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed to start a chemical reaction.

Question 2

What are enzymes?

Answer 2

Catalytic proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Question 3

What do enzymes do?

Answer 3

Speed up reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 4

Are enzymes altered in the process?

Answer 4

No. Enzymes are not altered or consumed in the process.

Question 5

Can chemical reactions occur without enzymes?

Answer 5

Yes but the chemical reaction will be too slow to support life.

Question 6

What is the active site in an enzyme?

Answer 6

The active site is a specific part of an enzyme where its substrate will fit.

Question 7

Is the fit in the enzyme specific to the substrate?

Answer 7

Fit is very specific for enzyme and substrate

Question 8

What happens when an enzyme and a substrate come into contact?

Answer 8

When enzyme and substrate contact there is a slight, temporary shape change. When the substrate leaves the enzyme returns to its original shape.

Question 9

What are some things that can denature an enzyme since they are sensitive to change in their environment

Answer 9

Changes in Temperature, pH, salt can all denature an enzyme

Question 10

What is an inhibitor?

Answer 10

Chemicals that interfere with an enzyme’s activity

Question 11

What is a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 11

It is an inhibitor that block the active site of an enzyme

Question 12

What is a Noncompetitive inhibitor?

Answer 12

A noncompetitive inhibitor binds elsewhere and change the shape of the active site

Question 13

Where does photosynthesis take place in an Autotroph?

Answer 13

The chloroplasts in leaves.

Question 14

What happens in a Stomata?

Answer 14

Water vapor and gases are exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere.

Question 15

What are Stomata in a plant?

Answer 15

Pores on the underside of the leaf.

Question 16

Which light do chlorophyll reflect?

Answer 16

Chloroplasts reflect green light.

Question 17

Which lights are absorbed the best by chlorophyll?

Answer 17

Red and blue-violet light is absorbed best.

Question 18

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

Answer 18

6CO2 + 6H2O ——-> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Question 19

Does Photosynthesis require carbon dioxide.

Answer 19

yes, photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide.

Question 20

Where are chlorophyll molecules located?

Answer 20

Chlorophyll molecules are located in the Thylakoid membrane.

Question 21

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

Answer 21

Light Dependent and Light Independent (Calvin Cycle)

Question 22

Where do Light Dependent Reactions take place?

Answer 22

Take place inside the thylakoid membranes.

Question 23

What do Light Dependent Reactions require?

Answer 23

Requires Light, H2O

Question 24

What do Light Dependent Reactions produce?

Answer 24

Produces ATP, energy-carrying molecules, and oxygen.

Question 25

What do Light Dependent Reactions produce as a waste product?

Answer 25

Produces O2 as a waste product

Question 26

In a Light Dependent Reaction what is being used up?

Answer 26

Water is being used up.

Question 27

What is a Light Dependent Reaction's formula?

Answer 27

CO2+ H2O ------> O2+ Glucose

Question 28

Where do Light Independent Reactions take place?

Answer 28

In the stroma of chloroplasts

Question 29

What is being used in the Calvin Cycle/ Light Independent Reactions?

Answer 29

The ATP and energy carriers from the Light Dependent Reactions and CO2 to make sugar.

Question 30

Glucose that is produced in photosynthesis can be sent where?

Answer 30

Glucose produced can then be sent to non-photosynthetic plant parts (or used at night) In the mitochondria to make ATP

Question 31

What is consumed as a reactant in Cellular respiration?

Answer 31

Oxygen and Sugar

Question 32

What are the 3 stages of Cellular respiration?

Answer 32

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain

Question 33

Where does Cellular Respiration take place?

Answer 33

Cellular Respiration takes place in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria.

Question 34

Where does Glycolysis take place?

Answer 34

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm

Question 35

Where does the Krebs Cycle and The Electron Transport Chain take place?

Answer 35

They take place in the mitochondria

Question 36

What are the folds in the mitochondria called?

Answer 36

The folds are called Cristae

Question 37

What is the space inside the folds called in the Mitochondria?

Answer 37

Its called the Matrix

Question 38

What does Glycolysis do?

Answer 38

Glycolysis splits glucose and produces 2 ATP

Question 39

What does the Krebs Cycle do?

Answer 39

The Krebs Cycle further breaks down glucose.

Question 40

What does the Krebs Cycle produce as waste?

Answer 40

CO2

Question 41

What does the Krebs Cycle produce?

Answer 41

Produces a few ATP, and other those temporary energy carriers, FADH2 and NADH

Question 42

Where do electron move to in the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 42

NADH2 and FADH move electrons around to power a hydrogen pump

Question 43

How much ATP does ATP synthase produce?

Answer 43

Up to 34 ATP (Makes the most ATP in the entire process)

Question 44

In the ETC what is Oxygen converted to?

Answer 44

H2O (Water)

Question 45

What does Fermentation do?

Answer 45

Fermentation allows Glycolysis to continue

Question 46

Glycolysis is the only step in Cellular respiration that does not require _____

Answer 46

Oxygen

Question 47

Glycolysis requires for some ___ to be regenerated. _____ allows glycolysis to keep going by re-generating the molecules required.

Answer 47

Glycolysis requires for some molecules to be regenerated. Fermentation allows glycolysis to keep going by re-generating the molecules required.

Question 48

What are the two types of Glycolysis?

Answer 48

Lactic-Acid fermentation and Alcoholic fermentation

Question 49

Why can't Fermentation be long-term?

Answer 49

The waste products are toxic to the cells once the concentration gets high.

Question 50

What products enter fermentation?

Answer 50

The products from Glycolysis enter fermentation

Question 51

What does Lactic acid fermentation produce?

Answer 51

Lactic acid

Question 52

What does Alcoholic fermentation produce?

Answer 52

Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and carbon dioxide