Energy

Question 1

what are the 9 types of energy?

Answer 1

kinetic

• motion
• electrical
• electromagnetic radiation
• sound
• thermal

potential

• nuclear
• elastic
• gravitational
• chemical

Question 2

what is kinetic energy?

Answer 2

• energy of motion

- contained in motion of an object or motion inside an object

Question 3

what is potential energy?

Answer 3

• energy of position and is stored energy

- can be kept for a use at a later time

Question 4

what is the law of conservation of energy?

Answer 4

• energy is never lost it just changes form from one type of energy to another
• energy in a system is neither created nor destroyed it just changes forms

Question 5

what is a chain of energy conversions called?

Answer 5

-energy change

Question 6

what is work?

Answer 6

-when a force is applied to an object and the object is displaced (moves) we say work is done on that object

Question 7

what is the formula to calculate work?

Answer 7

W=F x d

Question 8

examples of work not being done?

Answer 8

• force exerted does not make object move

- force exerted does not make object move in same direction

Question 9

what is gravitational potential energy?

Answer 9

-energy stored due to an objects position

Question 10

objects that are near the earths surface and fall with the same acceleration are called?

Answer 10

-acceleration due to gravity

Question 11

what is acceleration due to gravity represented by?

Answer 11

-g=9.81 m/s²

Question 12

what is the formula to calculate gravitational potential energy?

Answer 12

-Eg=m x g x Δh

Question 13

what is energy?

Answer 13

-the ability to do work

Question 14

what is the measurement for W/Eg?

Answer 14

-joules (J)

Question 15

what is the total energy of the system?

Answer 15

-total E=KE+PE

Question 16

what is the formula for kinetic energy?

Answer 16

Ek=1/2mv²

Question 17

what is the formula for mass? EK

Answer 17

m=2 x Ek/v²

Question 18

what is the formula for velocity?

Answer 18

v=√(2 x Ek/m)

Question 19

when something is moving faster…

Answer 19

-it has more kinetic energy

Question 20

when a moving object has a greater mass…

Answer 20

-it has a greater kinetic energy

Question 21

what happens to particles in solids?

Answer 21

• vibrate slightly
• fixed position
• least amount of kinetic energy

Question 22

what happens to particles in liquids?

Answer 22

• vibrate and move around withing set volume

- more KE than solids but less than gases

Question 23

what happens to particles in gases?

Answer 23

• move around quickly and fill up all volume available
• no set volume of shape/takes up entire container
• has greatest kinetic energy

Question 24

what is temperature?

Answer 24

• temperature is the average kinetic energy of all the particles of a substance
• measured using fahrenheit, celsius or kelvin scale

Question 25

what is absolute zero?

Answer 25

-absolute zere is the temperature at which all particle motion would stop

Question 26

what is absolute zero on the celsius scale?

Answer 26

(neg) -273.16 celsius

Question 27

what is thermal energy?

Answer 27

-thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in a substance

Question 28

what is heat?

Answer 28

-heat is the amount of thermal energy that transfers from an area at a higher temperature to an area at a lower temperature

Question 29

how can heat be transferred?

Answer 29

-conduction, convection, radiation

Question 30

what is radiation?

Answer 30

- transfer of radiant energy by waves | - what we feel as heat is called infrared radiation

Question 31

what is conduction?

Answer 31

- transfer of heat through direct contact | - heat transferred from area of high temp to area of low temp

Question 32

examples of thermal conductors?

Answer 32

- copper | - silver

Question 33

examples of thermal insulators?

Answer 33

-styrafoam, fur, plastics, air

Question 34

what is convection?

Answer 34

-transfer of heat within fluids (liquids and gases)

Question 35

what is the movement within a fluid due to differences in temperature called?

Answer 35

-convection current

Question 36

what is calorimetry?

Answer 36

-measuring changes in heat due to physical or chemical changes

Question 37

what is a calorimeter?

Answer 37

-a device used to measure the heat of reaction

Question 38

what is used for combustion reactions?

Answer 38

-bomb calorimeter

Question 39

what does the first chamber of the calorimeter contain?

Answer 39

-reaction being measured

Question 40

what does the second chamber of the calorimeter contain?

Answer 40

-measured amount of water

Question 41

what are the calorimeter chambers separated by?

Answer 41

-metal wall that conducts heat from reaction to the water without letting the water mix in

Question 42

how is a calorimeter used?

Answer 42

- precise amount of water put into outside chamber. initial water temp recorded - precise amount of chemicals being studied is placed in reaction chamber - chemical reaction progress, water temp goes up or down

Question 43

if the reaction in the reaction chamber is exothermic the heat?

Answer 43

-increases

Question 44

if the reaction in the reaction chamber is endothermic the heat?

Answer 44

-decreases

Question 45

what does the amount of energy transferred depend on?

Answer 45

- change in water temperature - mass of the water - specific heat capacity of the water

Question 46

what is the specific heat capacity?

Answer 46

-the specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy needed to heat 1g of the substance by 1 degrees celsius

Question 47

what is the specific heat capacity for water?

Answer 47

-4.184 J/g. degrees celsius

Question 48

what is the equation to calculate heat transfer?

Answer 48

-Q=mcΔT

Question 49

what is the measurment for Q?

Answer 49

-Joules (J)

Question 50

what is the measurment for m?

Answer 50

-grams (g)

Question 51

what is the measurment for c?

Answer 51

-J/g. degrees celsius

Question 52

what is the measurment for ΔT?

Answer 52

-degrees celsius

Question 53

what is the formula to solve for mass? (calorimeter unit)

Answer 53

-m=Q/(c x ΔT)

Question 54

what is the formula to solve for heat capacity? (calorimeter unit)

Answer 54

-c=Q/(m x ΔT)

Question 55

what is the formula to solve for change in temp? (calorimeter unit)

Answer 55

-ΔT=Q/(m x c)

Question 56

what is the formula for change in temperature?

Answer 56

ΔT=Tfinal - Tinitial

Question 57

what is the formula for final temperature?

Answer 57

Tfinal=ΔT + Tinitial

Question 58

what is the formula for initial temperature?

Answer 58

Ti=Tfinal - ΔT