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Science - Year 8 > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 stores of energy?

A
  • Magnetic
  • internal (thermal)
  • chemical
  • kinetic
  • electrostatic
  • elastic potential
  • gravitational potential
  • nuclear
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2
Q

What store of energy is found in food, batteries and fuels?

A

Chemical energy store

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3
Q

An ambulance is travelling at 70kph to reach an emergency. It has energy in it’s _______ energy store.

A

Kinetic

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4
Q

A stretched elastic band has energy in it’s ______ energy store.

A

Elastic

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5
Q

Two magnets that attract or repel each other have energy in their ________ stores.

A

Magnetic

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6
Q

Everything has some energy in its _______ energy stores.

A

Thermal

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7
Q

A ball at the top of a hill has energy in its ____________ _________energy store.

A

Gravitational potential

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8
Q

Energy can be transferred between energy stores. What are the 4 pathways through which energy can be transferred?

A
  • Mechanical pathway
  • By heating
  • Electrically
  • By radiation
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9
Q

When is energy transferred mechanically?

A

When a force makes something move. E.g. if an object is pushed, pulled, stretched or squashed.

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10
Q

What is energy transferred by heating?

A

When energy is transferred from a hotter object to a colder object.

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11
Q

When is energy transferred electrically?

A

When electrical charges move around an electric circuit due to a potential difference.

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12
Q

When is energy transferred by radiation?

A

When light or sound waves carry energy from one place to another.

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13
Q

Explain why an ice-pop melts if left on a kitchen table?

A

When there is a temperature difference between two objects energy will be transferred from the thermal store of the hotter object to the thermal store of the colder object.

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14
Q

Describe how energy is transferred by conduction.

A

When an object is heated its particles gain energy in their kinetic stores. They start to vibrate more and bump into neighbouring particles. In this way the energy is transferred.

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15
Q

Define radiation in terms of energy transfer.

A

Radiation is the transfer of energy by waves (not particles). The energy from the sun reaches the earth by radiation.

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16
Q

What type of object emit or absorb radiation?

A

All objects emit (give out) radiation and object absorb radiation too.

17
Q

How is radiation different to conduction and convection?

A

It transfers energy by waves, NOT particles.

18
Q

What type of surfaces are better absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation?

A

Matt dark surfaces are better absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation than shiny light surfaces.

19
Q

State the principle of conservation of energy.

A

Energy can not be created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred from one energy store to another.

20
Q

Right now we generate most of our electricity by burning ______ _____.

A

Fossil fuels

21
Q

What are renewable energy resources?

A

Renewable energy resources are resources that are being used up at the same rate as they can be replaced.

22
Q

Give some examples of renewable energy resources.

A
  • Sun (solar energy)
  • Water (tidal energy)
  • Wind
  • Biomass
  • Hydroelectric
  • Geothermal
23
Q

What is meant by a ‘non renewable’ energy resource?

A

Non-renewable energy resources cannot be replaced once they are all used up.

24
Q

What are the 4 forms of non-renewable energy resources.

A
  • Coal
  • Oil
  • Gas
  • Nuclear
25
Q

Name the 3 fossil fuels that are non-renewable energy resources.

A

Coal, Oil, Gas are all fossil fuels.

26
Q

Which word means ‘there is a limited amount’ in terms of energy resources.

A

Finite

27
Q

Give 2 examples of non-renewable nuclear fuels.

A
  • Crude oil
  • natural gas
  • coal
  • uranium
28
Q

Which energy store is in fossil fuels?

A

Chemical energy store

29
Q

Name 2 ways we could reduce the amount of fossil fuels we use.

A
  • Save energy (turn off lights, drive electric cars etc).
  • Improve energy efficiency
    -Promote renewable energy sources
30
Q

What is an ‘electrical appliance’?

A

Anything that required electricity to work. E.g. a television.

31
Q

What does ‘power’ tell us?

A

How fast an appliance transfers energy.

32
Q

What are the units of power?

A

Watts (W) or kilowatts (kW).

33
Q

1kW=? W

A

1kW = 1000 W

34
Q

What does the total amount of energy transferred by an appliance depend on?

A

The total amount of energy transferred by an appliance depends on how long it is running for (time) and it’s power.

35
Q

What is the formula to calculate energy transferred by an electrical appliance?

A

Energy transferred (J) = Power (W) × time (s)

Science - Year 8 (2 decks)

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