Energy

Question 1

What is the measurement for energy?

Answer 1

Joules (J)

Question 2

In what way is most wasted energy transferred?

Answer 2

by heating

Question 3

When an object is moved to a higher position, what name is given to the energy that it then stores?

Answer 3

gravitational potential energy

Question 4

If 100 J of energy is transferred into a machine, how much is transferred out?

Answer 4

100 J

Question 5

Name three different types of object or substance that store energy in chemicals.

Answer 5

food, fuel, batteries/cells

Question 6

How is energy transferred from hot objects to their surroundings?

Answer 6

by heating/convection/conduction/radiation/evaporation

Question 7

What are the energy transfers when a ball bounces?

Answer 7

kinetic → strain/elastic potential → kinetic

Question 8

Energy stored in petrol in a car is transferred to energy stored in the moving car. What are the names for these two energy stores?

Answer 8

chemical, kinetic

Question 9

What is the name for energy stored in a hot object?

Answer 9

thermal / internal

Question 10

What are the energy transfers when a moving car slows down?

Answer 10

kinetic → thermal energy stored in the brakes/surroundings, energy transferred by forces

Question 11

Name two ways in which a television transfers useful energy to its surroundings.

Answer 11

light, sound

Question 12

Name one way in which a television transfers wasted energy to its surroundings.

Answer 12

by heating

Question 13

In what way do most machines or processes transfer wasted energy to the surroundings?

Answer 13

by heating

Question 14

Name two machines in which energy transferred by heating is useful energy.

Answer 14

any two sensible answers, such as cooker or fire

Question 15

When a kettle boils water, the useful energy ends up stored as thermal energy in the hot water. Where does the wasted energy end up?

Answer 15

thermal energy in kettle/surroundings

Question 16

When a moving car brakes and comes to a stop, where does all the kinetic energy it was storing eventually end up?

Answer 16

thermal energy in the surroundings

Question 17

When a moving car hits a wall, what happens to the kinetic energy it was originally storing?

Answer 17

kinetic energy of crash fragments, transferred to surroundings by sound – but all ends up as thermal energy in the surroundings

Question 18

What does dissipated mean?

Answer 18

spread out

Question 19

Why is ‘wasted’ energy transferred by heating no longer useful?

Answer 19

it is too spread out

Question 20

Which wastes more energy: a more efficient machine or a less efficient machine?

Answer 20

less efficient

Question 21

What happens to the particles in a solid when the solid gets warmer?

Answer 21

vibrate more

Question 22

One end of a metal bar is heated. What is the name for the way energy is transferred along the bar?

Answer 22

conduction

Question 23

What kind of materials are good thermal conductors?

Answer 23

metals

Question 24

Name two materials that are good thermal insulators.

Answer 24

any two from wood, plastic, wool, etc.

Question 25

What is the name for the way in which energy is transferred in a fluid

Answer 25

liquid or gas

Question 26

What causes a convection current?

Answer 26

part of the fluid being hotter than the rest/warm fluid rises

Question 27

Materials that contain trapped air are good insulators. Why does the air need to be trapped?

Answer 27

so it cannot transfer energy by convection

Question 28

How does warmth from the Sun reach the Earth?

Answer 28

radiation

Question 29

Will a black car or a white car get hotter on a sunny day?

Answer 29

black

Question 30

Name one thing a homeowner can do to reduce the money they spend on heating.

Answer 30

any from insulate loft, fit double glazing etc.

Question 31

When we burn a fuel, how is the energy transferred to the surroundings?

Answer 31

by heating

Question 32

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Answer 32

total energy stays the same, or energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 33

What is the name for energy stored in a moving object?

Answer 33

kinetic energy

Question 34

How can you increase the gravitational potential energy stored in a box?

Answer 34

move it up, away from the Earth

Question 35

What effect does carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have on the temperature of the Earth?

Answer 35

keeps it warm

Question 36

Is electricity a fuel?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

What is the standard unit in physics for measuring speed?

Answer 37

meters per second (m/s)

Question 38

Name two fuels that we call fossil fuels.

Answer 38

any two from coal, oil, natural gas, or oil derivatives such as petrol and diesel

Question 39

What is the standard unit for measuring mass?

Answer 39

kilograms

Question 40

What is the name for the idea that the Earth is getting warmer?

Answer 40

climate change/global warming

Question 41

Name two fuels that are used by most vehicles on the roads.

Answer 41

petrol, diesel

Question 42

A ball has 5 J of gravitational potential energy before it is dropped. How much kinetic energy is it storing the moment before it hits the floor – 0 J, less than 5 J, 5 J, more than 5 J?

Answer 42

5 J

Question 43

Name a store of chemical energy.

Answer 43

any from coal, oil, natural gas, food, batteries/cells

Question 44

What is the name for energy stored in an object because it is in a high position?

Answer 44

gravitational potential energy

Question 45

How many grams are there in a kilogram?

Answer 45

1000

Question 46

What do we call the kind of energy stored inside atoms?

Answer 46

nuclear energy or atomic energy

Question 47

What are the two products of the complete burning of fossil fuels?

Answer 47

carbon dioxide, water

Question 48

How is energy transferred to machines such as TVs and computers?

Answer 48

by electricity

Question 49

What is the standard unit in physics for measuring distances or heights?

Answer 49

metres

Question 50

Name four different non-renewable resources.

Answer 50

coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear fuel/uranium

Question 51

Name two different uses for natural gas.

Answer 51

power stations, heating homes, cooking

Question 52

Name the main use for coal.

Answer 52

power stations

Question 53

How is uranium used?

Answer 53

nuclear

Question 54

What gas do fossil-fuel power stations emit that nuclear power stations do not?

Answer 54

carbon dioxide

Question 55

Why is adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere a problem?

Answer 55

contributing to climate change

Question 56

Why do some people object to nuclear power stations?

Answer 56

too expensive to build/decommission, or waste is dangerous/difficult to dispose of safely/accidents can cause harm over large areas

Question 57

Why will supplies of fossil fuels eventually run out?

Answer 57

we are using them faster than they can be replaced

Question 58

Name two forms of renewable energy.

Answer 58

two from: solar, wind, waves, tides, bio-fue

Question 59

What is the name for a fuel made from plants or from animal wastes?

Answer 59

bio-fuel