Energy

Question 1

A meteorite enters the Earth’s atmosphere and burns up before reaching the Earth itself. The meteorites’ kinetic energy store is transferred to the __________ store of the surroundings.

Answer 1

thermal

Question 2

Kinetic energy = ___ × mass × speed²

Answer 2

1/2

Question 3

Kinetic energy = 1/2 × mass × ______

Answer 3

speed²

Question 4

_______ _______ = 1/2 × mass × speed²

Answer 4

kinetic energy

Question 5

True or false? A system must contain more than one object.

Answer 5

false

Question 6

A _______ is an object or a group of objects.

Answer 6

system

Question 7

A system is an _______ or a group of _______s.

Answer 7

object

Question 8

A system is an object or a _______ of objects.

Answer 8

group

Question 9

When an object is in a gravitational field, it has energy in its __________ __________ energy store.

Answer 9

gravitational potential

Question 10

When an object is raised to a height, it has __________ __________ energy stored.

Answer 10

gravitational potential

Question 11

Most meteorites that enter the Earth’s atmosphere burn up before they reach the Earth itself. When this happens, which of the meteorites’ energy stores decreases?

Answer 11

kinetic energy

Question 12

What units are used for gravitational potential energy?

Answer 12

joules

Question 13

In the equation for elastic potential energy below, what is represented by the symbol k?

Ee = ½ke²

Answer 13

spring constant

Question 14

Elastic potential energy = ½ × ______ ________ × (extension)²

Answer 14

spring constant

Question 15

Elastic potential energy = ½ × spring constant × ____________

Answer 15

(extension)²

Question 16

Elastic potential energy = _ × spring constant × (extension)²

Answer 16

½

Question 17

______ _________ _______ = ½ × spring constant × (extension)²

Answer 17

Elastic potential energy

Question 18

What is the unit of measurement for energy?

Answer 18

joules

Question 19

As the speed of an object increases, the __________ energy of the object increases.

Answer 19

kinetic

Question 20

_____________ __________ _______ = mass × gravitational field strength × change in height

Answer 20

Gravitational potential energy

Question 21

Gravitational potential energy = _____ × gravitational field strength × change in height

Answer 21

mass

Question 22

Gravitational potential energy = mass × _____________ _______ _________ × change in height

Answer 22

gravitational field strength

Question 23

Gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × ______ __ _______

Answer 23

change in height

Question 24

The kinetic energy of an object depends upon its speed and its… what?

Answer 24

mass

Question 25

When a car is driving, some of the __________ energy stored by the fuel is transferred to the kinetic energy of the car.

Answer 25

chemical

Question 26

A battery stores __________ energy.

Answer 26

chemical

Question 27

A battery powered lamp transfers energy to the thermal store of the surroundings by heating. What energy store of the battery decreases as the thermal store of the surroundings increases?

Answer 27

chemical energy

Question 28

A catapult uses a material that can be stretched to propel an object. When the object is released, the catapults' _________ _________ energy store decreases and energy is transferred to the kinetic energy store of the object.

Answer 28

elastic potential

Question 29

Apart from height above ground, what other quantity affects how much gravitational potential energy an object on Earth has stored?

Answer 29

mass

Question 30

How does increasing the speed of a motorbike change the amount of energy in its kinetic energy store?

Answer 30

increases it

Question 31

True or false? If the speed of an object doubles, its kinetic energy will also double.

Answer 31

false

Question 32

What unit is used to measure energy when calculating specific heat capacity?

Answer 32

joules

Question 33

Specific heat capacity of a material is the energy needed to raise ___ of a material by 1°C.

Answer 33

1kg

Question 34

Specific heat capacity of a material is the energy needed to raise 1 kg of a material by _°C.

Answer 34

1

Question 35

change in thermal energy = mass of water × specific heat capacity of water × ______________ ________

Answer 35

temperature change

Question 36

change in thermal energy = mass of water × ________ _____ __________ __ ______ × temperature change

Answer 36

specific heat capacity of water

Question 37

change in thermal energy = _____ __ _____ × specific heat capacity of water × temperature change

Answer 37

mass of water

Question 38

_______ __ ________ _________ = mass of water × specific heat capacity of water × temperature change

Answer 38

change in thermal energy

Question 39

The smaller the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings, the ______ the temperature will change.

Answer 39

slower

Question 40

The ________ the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings, the slower the temperature will change.

Answer 40

smaller

Question 41

When an object is raised vertically, work is done against __________.

Answer 41

gravity

Question 42

_____ _____ = force × distance

Answer 42

work done

Question 43

Work done = _____ × distance

Answer 43

force

Question 44

Work done = force × _________

Answer 44

distance

Question 45

The amount of energy transferred per unit time by an electrical appliance is measured in what?

Answer 45

watts or kilowatts

Question 46

What name is given to the amount of work done in a given time?

Answer 46

power

Question 47

What is the name for the amount of energy transferred every second by an electrical appliance?

Answer 47

power

Question 48

______ = energy transferred / time

Answer 48

power

Question 49

power = _______ ___________ / time

Answer 49

energy transferred

Question 50

power = energy transferred / ____

Answer 50

time

Question 51

The total amount of energy transferred by an appliance depends on power and __________

Answer 51

time

Question 52

Samuel pushes against a door with a force of 10N, but the door doesn't move. Has Samuel done work on the door?

Answer 52

no (object hasn’t moved)

Question 53

When stated as a percentage, the useful energy transferred by a device divided by the total energy supplied to the device is known as the device's __________

Answer 53

efficiency

Question 54

True or false? When two objects are touching, the material the surface is made from does not effect the rate at which the object transfers energy by heating.

Answer 54

false

Question 55

__________ = (useful energy output / total energy input) × 100

Answer 55

efficiency

Question 56

Efficiency = (________ _________ _______ / total energy input) × 100

Answer 56

useful energy output

Question 57

Efficiency = (useful energy output / ____ _______ _____) × 100

Answer 57

total energy input

Question 58

Efficiency = (useful energy output / total energy input) × ___

Answer 58

100

Question 59

Thermal insulation and lubrication are two ways to reduce unwanted __________ transfers.

Answer 59

energy or heat

Question 60

When electric currents are used to transfer energy, the energy is transferred ___________

Answer 60

electrically

Question 61

When ________ ________ are used to transfer energy, the energy is transferred electrically

Answer 61

electric current

Question 62

Energy can never be created or destroyed. True or false?

Answer 62

true

Question 63

It is hot outside, and the air conditioning has been turned on inside two buildings. Building A's walls contain insulation, but Building B's do not. Which building is more likely to cool faster?

Answer 63

building A

Question 64

What name is given to a material that does NOT conduct thermal energy well?

Answer 64

insulator

Question 65

A material that does not conduct electricity is called an __________

Answer 65

insulator

Question 66

Material A has a higher thermal conductivity than Material B. Which material will transfer energy by conduction faster?

Answer 66

material A

Question 67

Nuclear power stations use the nuclear energy stored in nuclear fuel to increase the temperature of water. Which of the water's energy stores increases?

Answer 67

thermal

Question 68

Energy can never be stored. True or false?

Answer 68

false

Question 69

Filament bulbs dissipate energy to the __________ energy store the surroundings because they get very hot.

Answer 69

thermal

Question 70

A particular solid is an excellent conductor of thermal energy. Is it more likely to be a metal or a non-metal?

Answer 70

metal

Question 71

Certain specialised devices can be more than 100% efficient. True or false?

Answer 71

false

Question 72

Suggest a form of renewable energy that could be used to power an electric ticket machine that only needs to work during daylight hours.

Answer 72

solar

Question 73

What name is given to the method of electricity generation that uses hot rocks inside the Earth to produce steam and drive a turbine?

Answer 73

geothermal

Question 74

True or false? One of the advantages of nuclear power is that once the nuclear fuel has been used, its waste is no longer radioactive.

Answer 74

false

Question 75

True or false? The ultimate source of the electricity produced by a wind turbine is the Sun.

Answer 75

true

Question 76

Are the running costs of wind turbines generally high or low?

Answer 76

low

Question 77

True or false? Fossil fuels are a renewable energy resource because they are formed from living things.

Answer 77

false

Question 78

True or false? One disadvantage of wave power is that it pollutes the sea.

Answer 78

false

Question 79

Name a fossil fuel that formed from plant material over millions of years.

Answer 79

coal

Question 80

True or false? Wind is a renewable energy source.

Answer 80

true

Question 81

Fossil fuels are formed gradually over __________ of years.

Answer 81

millions

Question 82

Tidal barrages are a reliable way to produce electricity at predictable times. True or false?

Answer 82

false

Question 83

Hydroelectric and wave power both use the movement of water to drive a turbine and produce electricity. Name one other way of generating electricity that uses the movement of water.

Answer 83

tidal

Question 84

Tidal barrages are beneficial to local wildlife. True or false?

Answer 84

false

Question 85

Do wind turbines produce a constant supply of electricity?

Answer 85

no

Question 86

People living near wind farms sometimes object to them because of visual pollution and what other form of pollution?

Answer 86

noise

Question 87

What name is given to a fuel made from living organisms (such as wood) or their waste?

Answer 87

biofuel

Question 88

Do wind turbines contribute to climate change as they generate electricity?

Answer 88

no

Question 89

What standard units are used for power?

Answer 89

watts

Question 90

The total amount of energy transferred by an appliance depends on power and __________.

Answer 90

time

Question 91

What is a closed system?

Answer 91

system where no energy can be transferred to or from the surroundings - the total energy in the system is the same

Question 92

What is a system?

Answer 92

an object or group of objects