Energy

Question 1

is the capacity of one person to do work.

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

ENERGY is divided into as

Answer 2

involuntary and voluntary activities.

Question 3

the amount of
heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water to 1 degree Celsius.

Answer 3

kilocalorie (kcal)

Question 4

metric measurement,
(4.184 J per kcal)

Answer 4

joules J

Question 4

measure the
energy value of foods that can be
derived from CHO, CHON, and Fat.

Answer 4

BOMB CALORIMETER

Question 5

refers to the chemical (metabolic) processes that take place as your
body converts foods and drinks into energy. It’s a complex process that combines calories and oxygen to create and release energy.

Answer 5

Metabolism or metabolic rate

Question 6

Metabolism provides energy for basic body functions, such as:

Answer 6

1. Breathing.
2. Circulating blood.
3. Digesting food.
4. Growing and repairing cells.
5. Managing hormone levels.
6. Regulating body temperature.

Question 7

refers to the minimum number of calories your body needs to function while you’re resting. This amount varies from person
to person.

Answer 7

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Question 8

BMR fulfills

Answer 8

60% to 70% of
the energy your body uses.

Question 9

Energy expanded in the maintenance
of “basal metabolic
“ processes, or
involuntary activities in the body and
the functional activities of various organs.

Answer 9

BASAL METABOLISM OR RESTING ENERGY
EXPENDITURE (REE)

Question 10

muscle
burns kilojoules rapidly.

Answer 10

Amount of lean muscle tissue

Question 11

larger adult bodies have more metabolizing tissue and a larger
BMR.

Answer 11

Body size

Question 12

fat cells are
‘sluggish’ and burn far fewer kilojoules
than most other tissues and organs of the body.

Answer 12

amount of body fat

Question 13

eating too few kilojoules encourages the
body to slow the metabolism to
conserve energy. BMR can drop by up to 15% and if lean muscle tissue is also lost,
this further reduces BMR.

Answer 13

Crash dieting, starving or fasting

Question 14

metabolism slows with age due
to loss of muscle tissue, but also due to hormonal and neurological changes.

Answer 14

age

Question 15

generally, men have faster
metabolisms because they tend to be larger.

Answer 15

gender

Question 16

your metabolic
rate may be partly decided by your
genes.

Answer 16

genetic predisposition

Question 17

BMR is
controlled by the nervous and hormonal
systems. Hormonal imbalances can
influence how quickly or slowly the body burns kilojoules.

Answer 17

Hormonal and nervous controls

Question 18

if temperature is very low or very high, the
body has to work harder to maintain its normal body temperature, which increases the BMR.

Answer 18

Environmental temperature

Question 19

BMR increases
because the body has to work harder to build new tissues and to create an
immune response.

Answer 19

infection or illness

Question 20

hard-working
muscles need plenty of energy to burn. Regular exercise increases muscle mass
and teaches the body to burn kilojoules at a
faster rate, even when at rest.

Answer 20

amount of physical act.

Question 21

like caffeine or nicotine, can
increase the BMR.

Answer 21

drugs

Question 22

Contributes to the 20-30% of the total body energy output.

Answer 22

PHYSICAL or MUSCULAR ACTIVITY (PA)

Question 23

for example, a diet
low in iodine reduces thyroid function and
slows the metabolism.

Answer 23

dietary deficiencies

Question 24

bed rest

Answer 24

30kcal/kg

Question 25

sedentary

Answer 25

35 kcal

Question 26

MODERATELY ACTIVE

Answer 26

40kcal

Question 27

severely active

Answer 27

45 kcal

Question 28

is the
amount of energy it takes for your body to digest, absorb, and metabolize the
food you eat.

Answer 28

thermic effect of food

Question 29

is the amount of energy it takes for your body to digest, absorb, and metabolize the food you eat.

Answer 29

thermic effect of food

Question 30

provides 4 calories per gram,
and its TEF is 20–30%.

Answer 30

protein

Question 30

provides 4 calories per gram, and its TEF is 5–10%.

Answer 30

carbohydrate

Question 31

Also called as caloric balance

Answer 31

energy balance

Question 32

If we consume more energy from foods than what we need, the unused energy
will be stored as fat.

Answer 32

weight gain

Question 33

If we balance our energy from foods
with the energy we use through activity
this will result in a constant weight
being maintained.

Answer 33

weight stability

Question 34

If we use more energy than we
consume, this will lead to,
due to fat stores being used up quickly
by the body.

Answer 34

weight loss

Question 36

is a gold standard
procedure which measures the amount of energy a person expends. It measures the Resting Energy
Expenditure the amount of calories a person burns at rest per day called
Resting Energy Expenditure or REE.

Answer 36

indirect calorimetry

Question 37

measures the body’s actual caloric requirement per day. This will guide us on how much calories the person needs to take per day.

Answer 37

RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE

Question 38

estimates
where the energy is mainly coming
from (Carbohydrates, Protein and Fats)

Answer 38

Respiratory quotient (RQ)-

Question 39

specific
percentages of energy source (from
Carbohydrates, Protein and Fats) – so that diet can be tailored according to what an individual needs.

Answer 39

Substrates utilization