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Geography A2 (mine) > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Definition of renewable

A

A flow of resources which is infinite in terms of humans

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2
Q

Definition of recyclable

A

Can be used repeatedly if managed carefully

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3
Q

Name the non-renewable energy sources

A

Coal, crude oil, natural gas

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4
Q

Name the renewable energy sources

A

Solar, wind, hydroelectric, wave, tidal, geothermal

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5
Q

Name the recyclable energy sources

A

Biomass, nuclear

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6
Q

What is the percentage of crude oil usage across the word

A

36%

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7
Q

What is the percentage of coal usage across the word

A

27%

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8
Q

What is the percentage of natural gas usage across the word

A

23%

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9
Q

What is the percentage of hydroelectric usage across the word

A

6.3%

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10
Q

What is the percentage of nuclear usage across the word

A

5.9%

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11
Q

What is the percentage of other energy resources (wind, solar, biofuels, geothermal) usage across the word

A

1%

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12
Q

What is the energy issue at Canada and Alaska?

A

Reserves;questions of developing these in the Arctic, Antarctic and other sensitive areas

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13
Q

Where is the energy issue of dependency? (Wastefulness, lack of fossil fuel supply-energy insecurity)

A

Western Europe and USA

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14
Q

Where is there energy supply security? (Role of unstable regions in fossil fuel supply, link between nuclear power and weapons)

A

Russia

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15
Q

What energy issue do Africa face? (Except north of the Sahel region and South Africa)

A

Energy poverty-dependency on foreign TNC’s to exploit supply (Nigeria and Sudan)

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16
Q

Where has a huge energy supply but inefficient use? (Energy as political weapon)

A

Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran

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17
Q

What is the energy issue associate with India and China?

A

Rapidly growing demand, use of pollution sources such as high sulphur coal, health impacts, impact on global fossil fuel prices

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18
Q

Definition of non-renewable

A

A finite stock of resources which will run out

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19
Q

Disadvantages of using biofuels as an energy source

A

Relatively low energy densities mean limited potential for large scale electricity generation
Act as a carbon sink, so combustion releases stored CO2

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20
Q

Disadvantages of using coal as an energy source

A

Releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants which contributes to climate change and atmospheric pollution

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21
Q

Disadvantages of using geothermal as an energy source

A

Heather alchemy is the outer 10km of the earths crust so is too diffuse to be exploitable worldwide
Availability is limited to a few locations, e.g. Iceland, Philippines

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22
Q

Disadvantages of using natural gas as an energy source

A

Cost and security of supply are issues, especially for countries that are largely importers
Releases CO2 on use

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23
Q

Disadvantages of using hydro-electricity as an energy source

Study These Flashcards
A

Large scale systems are costly to build

Dam-building has social, political and environmental impacts

24
Q

Disadvantages of using nuclear as an energy source

Study These Flashcards
A

Possible health risk associated with power plants and accidents such as Chernobyl
Disposal of radioactive material raises safety issues and there unknown long term risk

25
Disadvantages of using oil as an energy source
Concerns that global supplies may have reached their peak Security of supply Geopolitical tensions and lack of alternatives
26
Disadvantages of using solar as an energy source
Distribution and availability varies spatially and temporally Photovoltaic technology still expensive compared with fossil fuels
27
Disadvantages of using tidal/wave as an energy source
Only certain locations are suitable for offshore tidal generation Technology for large-scale generation is unproven
28
Disadvantages of using wind as an energy source
Only certain locations have enough wind to be viable Wind energy is a variable power, so difficult to manage power supply through a grid system without backup Kills birds
29
Where is coal found
More than 80% of the worlds coal reserves are located in just 10 countries US has greater than 1/4 China is the biggest producer and consumer
30
Issues with using coal as an energy source
Releases CO2 Conflict Peak production may hit in 2025
31
Where is oil found
Venezuela, Russia, Canada, Nigeria, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Iran
32
Issues with using oil as an energy source
Conflict (Nigeria/Middle East) Pollution-releases CO2 Demand for oil in Middle East means that the gulf states will have to spend $520 billion by 2030
33
Where is gas found
Russia, Iran, Qatar, Turkmenistan, America
34
Issues with using gas as an energy source
Releases CO2 Gas leaks Uses lots of water in production
35
Definition of energy supply
Where energy comes from
36
Definition of energy demand
The desire or need for energy
37
Definition of energy consumption
The availability and use of energy
38
Definition of energy infrastructure
The built environment constructed for the exploration, development and production of energy and all the networks that transport energy from points of production to consumption
39
Definition of energy pathways
Supply routes between energy producers and consumers
40
Name some energy pathways
Ships, pipelines, cable under sea, coal carriers, oil tankers
41
What is the energy trend between 1965 and 2005
Overall energy consumption has increased in every energy type Oil, coal and gas have increased the most, as well as being the highest to begin with
42
What is the energy trend in 2005
US have the highest energy demand for residential, commercial and agriculture (43%) as well as transportation (33%) China has the highest energy demand for industry (71%)
43
Definition of energy security index
The extent to which a country may look forward to a reliable and affordable supply of energy
44
What is the availability
Domestic reserve per person/capita: amount/longevity of each country's domestic oil and gas supplies, and the level of reliance of them
45
What is the intensity
Degree of dependably of gas/oil
46
What is the diversity
Range of energy sources in the mix
47
Why do the USA have a high risk
High importers of oil Reserves not enough for large population Do not have a range of energy resources-reply I'm non-renewables Worried about high consumption
48
Why does Russia have a low risk
Lots of oil and gas reserves-self sufficient Does not have to import energy sources High land uninhabited- potential for wind energy source
49
Why do Brazil have medium risk
Self-sufficient in oil 45% of total energy consumption from renewable sources Small diversity
50
Why do Mauritania have high risk
Have not found as much oil as they thought they would (found 3.2MT instead of 15.2MT) Import oil Oil is 60% of total energy consumption (transport uses 50% of all oil and electricity production 30%) Underdeveloped/LIC
51
Name four energy supply pathways
Strait of Hormuz Hey stone pipeline ESPO Trans Siberia pipeline
52
Strait of Hormuz
Oil via con trainer shipping Iran-Persian Gulf Iran have threaded to close the Strait of Hormuz several times in recent history July 2009-Sirius Star, Japanese oil tanker, approached the Strait of Hormuz, heading to Japan. US navy diver said it was the victim of a failed stack by a suicide bomber piloting a waterborne I provided explosive device
53
Keystone pipeline
Oil via pipeline Canada (tar sands) to the US Environmentalists concerned with the environmental impacts of energy development and energy consumption President Obama rejected the application amid protests about the pipelines impact on Nebraska's environmentally sensitive Sand Hills region TransCanada Corporation changed the original proposed route to minimise disturbance of land, water resources and special areas
54
ESPO
Oil via pipeline Russia to China November 2010-Minor shareholder of Transneft accused the company for US$4 billion embezzlement during he construction of the pipeline, but was denied by the Head of Transneft
55
Trains Siberia pipeline
Gas via pipeline Russia to Ukraine, travelling through Germany, France and Italy Russia believes Ukraine owes them £1.5 billion for the gas. In 2009 Russia switched off the gas supply to the Ukraine causing conflict between Russia and Ukraine This would also cause or less with Western Europe as they could also be cut off from the gas supply

Geography A2 (mine) (1 decks)

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