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science- sec 3 > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is energy?

A

The capacity to do work or to produce change

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2
Q

How is energy expressed?

A

Joules

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3
Q

1N=?

A

100g

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4
Q

Joules=

A

Newtons x meters

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5
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

Energy that comes from the random motion of the particles that make up a substance

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6
Q

What is temperature?

A

Degree of agitation in a substances atoms and molecules

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7
Q

What factors can affect thermal energy?

A

Temperature and amount of particles

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8
Q

What happens when there is a higher temperature?

A

Particles move faster, higher thermal energy

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9
Q

What happens when there are more particles in a substance

A

More collisions, more thermal energy

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10
Q

What is radiant energy?

A

The kind of energy that is contained in and transported by electromagnetic waves

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11
Q

What is wavelength

A

The distance form crest to crest

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12
Q

What does the amount of energy depend on?

A

Wavelength and radiation

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13
Q

Chemical energy

A

Energy stored in the bonds of a molecule

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14
Q

What does the amount of energy depend on?

A

Strength of a bond

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15
Q

What happens when there is a stronger bond?

A

More energy

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16
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

Energy that results from the speed of an object, its mass and its surroundings

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17
Q

What happens with speed?

A

Energy increases

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18
Q

What happens with more mass

A

Greater the mechanical energy

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19
Q

More mass

A

More energy

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20
Q

What is Energy transformation ?

A

Changing of energy from one form to another

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21
Q

What is an example of energy transformation?

Study These Flashcards
A

When a log burns some of the chemical energy stored in the wood is transformed into radiant energy and thermal energy

22
Q

Is a lamp an energy transformation or transfer? What does it change to ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Energy transformation

Electrical - thermal + radiant

23
Q

Other examples of energy transformations

Study These Flashcards
A

Photosynthesis -radiant to chemical

Windmill - mechanical to mechanical

24
Q

What is an energy transfer?

Study These Flashcards
A

Movement of energy form one place to another

25
Examples of energy transfer
Heat = transfer of thermal energy ex: burning log - heat the room
26
Heat
A transfer of thermal energy between two places with different temps Heat travels from places with high temp to low
27
What is a physical change?
A phish also change does not effect the nature or the characteristic properties of matter
28
What are Changes of state ?
Transformation from one state to another
29
What happens in a change of state?
The forces of attraction change but the particles don’t.
30
What happens when we heat water?
Thermal energy is transferred from heating element to after. The liquid particles are sped up enough until they have absorbed enough energy to go from liquid to gas Energy is absorbed
31
What happens when we freeze water?
Heat transfers from an area of hot towards cold Water transfers it’s heat to the cold freezer, lowering the waters temp Energy is given off
32
What is dissolution?
The creation of a solution by a solute in a solvent
33
What happens when sugar dissolves in water?
Sugar molecules break apart until they are spread out in the water. Sugar and water don’t change. The forces of attraction change
34
What is exothermic?
Reactions that release energy, increasing the energy level of their environment. This may be noticeable by an increase in temp or emission of light
35
What is endothermic?
Reactions that by absorbing energy, lower the energy level of the medium. This can be perceptible by a drop in temperature
36
What is deformation?
Changing the shape of a material with an energy transfer (reversible or permanent)
37
What is an example of a deformation?
Mechanical from a jumper causes the reversible deformation of a trampoline (mechanical into elastic energy) Smashing a calculator (permanent)
38
What is a chemical change?
Changes the nature and characteristic properties of matter. It produces one or more new substances. Bonds between the atoms are changed to create new products
39
Law of conservation of mass
Nothing is lost, nothing is created, all is transformed
40
How are chemical reactions represented
In equations | Reactant —> product
41
Clues to see if a chemical reaction has occurred
``` Release of gas Greater change of heat Generation of light Change of colour Formation of precipitate ```
42
What is synthesis?
Formation of a complex molecule from atoms or simpler molecules
43
Example of synthesis
2H2+ o2 —> 2H2O +energy Synthesis of water (releases energy) N2 +2O2 +energy —> 2NO2 Nitrogen dioxide synthesis (absorbs energy)
44
Decomposition
Transformation of complex molecules into simpler molecules or into atoms
45
Example of decomposition
2H2O +electrical energy —> 2H2+O2 | Electrolysis of water
46
What happens by the end of decomposition?
The chemical energy that was stored in the bonds of the molecule is released and transformed into other forms of energy
47
What is oxidation ?
Chemical reaction involved mg oxygen or a substance that has similar properties (sulfate, chlorine, Fluoride,)
48
Example of oxidation
4Fe +3O2 —> 2Fe2O3 + energy | Rust
49
Precipitation
Formation of a solid that I sleds soluble, or not soluble, following the mixing of two solutions
50
Example of precipitation
NaCl +AgNO3 _> NaNo3 + AgCl
51
Led nitrate with potassium iodide
KL +Pb (NO3)2 —> KNO3 + Pbl2

science- sec 3 (7 decks)

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