What is chemical energy?
Energy stored in a substance due to the bonds between atoms
What is kinetic energy?
The energy stored in an object that is moving, depending on its mass and speed
What is gravitational potential energy?
The energy stored in an object due to its mass and position in a gravitational field. Depends on the object’s mass, the height above the Earth and the gravitational field strength
What is elastic potential energy?
The energy stored in an object when it is stretched or compressed
What is thermal energy?
The energy stored in an object because of its temperature
What is electrostatic energy?
The energy stored in a system of charged objects
What is magnetic energy?
The energy stored in a system of magnetic objects
What is nuclear energy?
The energy stored in the nuclei of atoms, due to the bonds between protons and neutrons
List all eight stores of energy
Chemical Kinetic Gravitational potential Elastic potential Thermal Electrostatic Magnetic Nuclear
List all four energy transfers
Mechanically (by forces) Electrically (current moving through a potential difference) By heating By radiating light By radiating sound
What is the principle of the conservation of energy?
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred between one store and another or dissipated into the surroundings
What does the conservation of energy mean about the total energy of a closed system?
The total energy of a closed system has no net change
Define conduction
The transfer of thermal energy due to vibrating particles colliding with neighbouring particles and transferring kinetic energy between them
Define convection
The transfer of thermal energy due to particles with high kinetic energy moving from hot to cold areas
Define radiation
The transfer of thermal energy by the emittance of electromagnetic infrared radiation
The greater the difference in the temperature of two objects…
The faster the transfer of thermal energy from one to the other
True or false: all objects are continually emitting IR radiation?
True
If all objects are continually emitting and absorbing infrared radiation, how do hot objects cool down?
They emit more infrared radiation than they absorb
List 5 methods to prevent heat loss from a house
Double glazing Cavity wall insulation Aluminium foil behind radiators Draft excluders Curtains
True or false: some energy transfers can be 100% efficient
False: no energy transfer is ever 100% efficient as some energy is always lost to the surroundings, often by heating due to friction
What equipment do we use in the conduction experiment?
A metal rod at least 30 cm long Marbles Wax Clamp stand Stopwatch Bunsen burner
What equipment do we use in the convection experiment?
Beaker
Water
Potassium permanganate crystals
Bunsen burner
What equipment do we use in the radiation experiment?
Leslie cube
Boiling water
Heatproof mat
Infrared detector
