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Biology-2-Nucleic Acids > Energy and ATP > Flashcards

Flashcards in Energy and ATP Deck (7)
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1
Q

what is the structure of ATP

A

adenine- a nitrogen containing organic base
ribose- a sugar molecule with a 5C ring structure that acts as the backbone to which the other parts are attached
phosphate-a chain of 3 phosphate groups

2
Q

what does atp stand for

A

adenosine triosphosphate

3
Q

how does ATP store energy

A

the bonds between the 3 phosphate groups are unstable and so have a lower activation energy, which means they are easily broken, when they do break they release a considerable amount of energy

4
Q

how is atp converted into ADP+P

A

water is used to convert atp into adp, this is known as hydrolysis, the reaction is catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase.

ATP+H2O–>ADP+P+ENERGY

5
Q

how is adp converted into atp

A

energy can be used to add an inorganic phsophate to adp to form atp, it is catalysed by the enzyme ATP synthase. water is removed therefore its a condensation reaction

6
Q

why is ATP a better immediate energy source then glucose

A

each atp molecule releases less energy then each glucose molecule. the energy for reactions is therefore released in smaller, more manageable quantities

the hydrolysis of atp to adp is a single reaction that releases immediate energy, breakdown of glucose is a long series of reactions and therefore the energy release takes longer

7
Q

what is atp used in cells which are energy requiring processes

A
  • metabolic processes- provides energy to build up macromolecules from their basic units
  • movement- provides energy for muscle contraction
  • active transport- provides energy to change shape of carrier proteins in plasma membranes
  • secretion- needed to form lysosomes necessary for the secretion of cell products
  • activation of molecules- inorganic phosphate released during hydrolysis of atp can be used to phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive, thus lowering the activation energy enzyme catalysed reactions