energy and cellular metabolism Flashcards
(24 cards)
reduction
gain of e-
loss of h+
oxidation
loss of e-
gain of h+
phototrophs
energy from sunlight
autotrophs
energy from own stores
chemotrophs
energy from chemical reactions
heterotrophs
energy from different sources
metabolism
biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living cells and organisms
catabolic pathways
reactions that break things down degradative energy producing oxidative generates ATP generates NADH
anabolic pathways
reactions that build things up biosynthetic energy consuming reductive uses ATP and NADH
exogonic reaction
negative/decrease in gibbs free energy
exergonic reaction
positive/increase in gibbs free energy
why do exergonic reactions happen?
temp increase
substrate conc. increase
why is ATP so good?
easily hydrolysed
forces of repulsion help it break down easier
phosphoanhydride bonds easily hydrolysed
reductant
substance that donates electrons
oxidant
substance that accepts electrons
negative feedback
increased levels of end product allosterically inhibits first enzyme in the pathway
feed forward
increased levels of substrate stimulate a pathway
alkyl aliphatic compound
alkane missing 1 hydrogen
alkene aliphatic compound
hydrocarbon with a C=C
alcohol
organic compound with one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group
aldehyde
compound containing a functional group -CHO
ketone
functional group with structure R2C=O
carboxylic acid
organic acid with a carboxyl group attached to an R group
sulphydryl group
functional group of sulphur binded to H
