Energy and Material Flow in the Ecosystem

Question 1

The network demonstrates how different nutrients and energy sources connect diverse creatures to one another.

Answer 1

Food chain

Question 2

Demonstrates the relationships between food chains— overall

Answer 2

Food web

Question 3

Process in which collect solar energy and convert it into organic compounds that may be consumed as food.

Answer 3

Photosynthesis

Question 4

Chemical reaction that occurs when organic molecules from food react with other chemicals– generating energy.

Answer 4

Cellular respiration

Question 5

Trophic Level

Answer 5

An organism’s position relative to the primary energy souce. “Sun”

Question 6

A model that represents the relative amount of matter and energy contained within each trophic level of an ecosystem.

Answer 6

Ecological Pyramid

Question 7

Sequence of processes ranging from the extraction of raw material via its processing, reprocessing and machining up to the finished product and delivery to the end consumer.

Answer 7

Material Flow

Question 8

Used in primary production or manufacturing of a good.

Answer 8

Materials (Goods/raw, Elements, Compound)

Question 9

Common between Energy and Material Cycles

Answer 9

1. transferred from one living thing to the next when one animal eats another
2. found in the bodies of animals and plants

Question 10

Difference between Energy and Materials Cycles

Answer 10

EC: Originates with the sun, cannot be reused, lost as heat, one way path.
MC: Recycled/ Reused, circular path

Question 11

Field that tracks factors related to changes in population.

Answer 11

Human Population Dynamics

Question 12

Population Dynamics importance?

Answer 12

Helps to determine the environmental impact of human activity.

Question 13

One widely-cited formula by Paul R. Ehrlich and John P. Holdren in 1974

Answer 13

Environmental Impact = Population x Affluence (Consumption) x Technology

Question 14

Future Population Growth?

Answer 14

2 billion in the next 30 years.

Question 15

Key metric for assessing population health

Answer 15

Life expectancy

Question 16

Child Mortality vs. Infant Mortality

Answer 16

CM: Death under the age of five
IM: Death under the age of one

Question 17

Average number of children per woman

Answer 17

Fertility Rate

Question 18

Proportionate numbers of people in different age categories in a given population for a defined time.

Answer 18

Age Structure

Question 19

Species adaptation to the rhythms of change of local conditions.

Answer 19

Animal Population Dynamics

Question 20

The relationship of mortality to population growth

Answer 20

inversely proportional

Question 21

Interaction between herbivorous animals and plants they eat.

Answer 21

Herbivory

Question 22

Interaction in which both partners benefit

Answer 22

Mutualism

Question 23

Interaction in which one species benefits and the other is harmed

Answer 23

Parasitism

Question 24

Interaction in which one benefits and the other is unaffected

Answer 24

Commensalism

Question 25

Hide or disguise the presence of the other species.

Answer 25

Camouflage

Question 26

Substances released by prey to reduce predation risk.

Answer 26

Chemical Defense

Question 27

One animal resembles another species-- deceives a potential predator

Answer 27

Mimicry

Question 28

Hard, needle-like anatomical structures found in both in/vertebrate species.

Answer 28

Spines and Spikes

Question 29

Types of Regulatory Mechanisms

Answer 29

Individual adjustment, Biocenotic Regulation, Population Regulation,

Question 30

Factors that affect population growth

Answer 30

water, light, habitat, niche, competition, predation

Question 31

"never-ending arms race"

Answer 31

Microbial Population Dynamics

Question 32

extracellular substances produced by organisms-- predominantly linked to a protein during exercise

Answer 32

Bacteriocins

Question 33

Numerous environmental factors as well as the characteristics of the individual bacterial species govern the generation time, which differs among bacteria.

Answer 33

Bacterial Growth Curve

Question 34

Importance of bacteria to humans (category)

Answer 34

food, industry, medicine

Question 35

Evolution of bacteria

Answer 35

Since the beginning of Earth's history, bacteria have existed. Since the early Precambrian Period, or roughly 3.5 billion years ago.

Question 36

Factors affecting bacterial growth

Answer 36

Nutrients: water, carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salts, growth factors, sulfur source, phosphorous source. Environmental Factors: temperature, gas (oxygen), pH, osmotic pressure. Physical: oxygen, temperature, pH

Question 37

the carbon and energy needed by this bacterial metabolism come from organic molecules.

Answer 37

Heterotrophic Metabolism

Question 38

uses carbon dioxide as their carbon source to produce every component of their cells.

Answer 38

Autotrophic Metabolism

Question 39

The process of photosynthesis transforms solar energy into cellular energy. (bacterial metabolism)

Answer 39

Phototrophic Metabolism

Question 40

Classification of Bacteria

Answer 40

Taxonomic Rankings Bacterial Species Problem Genetic Approaches DNA-Based Methods- 165 rRNA analysis