Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physics CIE > Energy And Pressure > Flashcards

Energy And Pressure Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Name six different types of energy

A

Kinetic, internal, chemical, gravitational potential, elastic, nuclear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Four main ways to transfer energy

A

Mechanical working - moving or changing shape due to a force
Electrical working - by an electric current flowing
By waves - energy transferred by waves (light or sound)
By heating - energy transferred from a hotter object to a colder one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Energy types that cannot be stored are called what? Name example.

A

Energy transfers. EG electrical, sound, light and thermal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the difference between thermal and internal energy?

A

Internal energy is the type of energy a hot object has stored in it. Thermal energy is the energy transferred by heating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does mass affect kinetic energy?

A

More mass means more kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does speed affect kinetic energy?

A

A faster object has more kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Kinetic energy formula

A

kinetic energy = 1/2mv^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does height affect gravitational potential energy?

A

More height means more GPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does more mass affect GPE

A

More GPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does a higher gravitational field strength affect GPE?

A

More GPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GPE equation

A

change in GPE : = mgh (delta h)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or false? falling objects transfer energy

A

True. When a ball is dropped, GPE is lost. Gravity accelerates the object, so the GPE lost transfers to kinetic energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GPE and kinetic energy relation equation

A

V = root (2gh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the principle of conservation of energy state?

A

That energy can be: stored, transferred from one type to another, or dissipated but can never be created or destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a non-renewable energy resource?

A

A resource of energy that cannot be made at the same rate it is being used and will one day run out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name three non-renewable energy resources

A

Coal, oil, natural gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a renewable energy resource?

A

A energy resource that is being or can be made at the same rate or faster than it’s being used so it will never run out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name seven renewable energy resources

A

Solar, wind, water waves, hydro electricity, biomass, tides, geothermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are fuels stores of?

A

Chemical energy that can be banned to convert to thermal and internal energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do we use fuel to drive turbines in power stations?

A

By burning the fuel to convert the chemical energy to thermal energy, which is then used to heat water and convert it to steam. The steam turns a turbine, and the internal energy is converted to kinetic energy. The turbine is connected to a generator which transfers kinetic energy to electrical energy producing electricity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the difference between a nuclear reactor and normal power generator?

A

Nuclear fuel undergoes a nuclear reaction reaction called nuclear efficient instead of being burnt. The nuclear energy is transferred into internal and thermal energy, which undergoes the same process as fossil fuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or false? non-renewables are unreliable

A

False. It is always possible at the moment to use fossil fuels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why are fossil fuels so popular?

A

They are quite cheap to run compared to other resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do you fossil fuels create environmental problems?

A

Releasing CO2 - global warming
Sulfur dioxide - acid rain
Views spoilt
Oil spillages affect wildlife
Nuclear waste is extremely dangerous
E.g Fukushima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Are solar cells expensive?
Yes
26
Are Solar cells environmentally friendly
Yes
27
Is solar power reliable?
No
28
What is biomass made of?
Plants and waste.
29
How does biomass produce energy?
Same way as fossil fuels
30
Biomass pros
1. Theoretically carbon neutral, however some dispute 2. Fairly reliable, easy to have constantly.
31
Bio mass cons
1. High cost to refine it. 2. Some worry, there’s less or not enough space to have crops for food demand. 3. Some places have large deforestation for this. CO2 and methane is produced.
32
How does wind power work?
Many wind turbines have a generator inside. When it is windy, the blades on the turbine rotate which turned the generator and produce electricity.
33
Wind power pros
1. No pollution 2. No permanent damage to landscape 3. Can be used on a large scale and small scale
34
Wind power cons
1. Spoil the view. 2. Noisy. 3. Not reliable. 4. High initial costs.
35
How does geothermal power work?
In volcanic areas, cold water is pumped down into the ground which pushes steam from the hot rocks up to the surface to power turbine which turns a generator which generates electricity. The condensed water is pumped back down.
36
Geothermal power pros
1. Reliable. 2. Very few environmental problems 3. Can be used on a large scale and small scale.
37
Geothermal con
1. Not many suitable locations. 2. Cost of building a power station is high compared to amount of energy produced.
38
How does hydroelectric power work?
Water is stored in a reservoir and when it rains water is allowed to flow through the dam into turbines which drives the generator which generates electricity.
39
Hydroelectric power pros
Doesn’t directly produce pollution Provide an immediate response to an increased demand for electricity Reliable, unless droughts No fuel cost and minimal running costs
40
Hydroelectric power cons
Large flooding of valley causes rotting, releasing methane and carbon dioxide. Loss of habitat and peoples homes. Reservoirs can look unsightly. Initial costs are high
41
How does wave power work?
Lots of small wave powered turbines around the coast. When the water wave moves in air is forced out which turns a turbine which drives a generator to produce electricity.
42
Wave power pros
No pollution No fuel costs and minimal running costs Very useful on small islands
43
Wave power cons
Disturb the sea bed, spoil views and can be hazardous to boats. Fairly unreliable Initial costs are high With power is never likely to provide energy on a large scale
44
Definition of work done
Energy transferred. When a force moves an object through a distance.
45
How does size of the force affect WORK done?
Larger force means more work done
46
How does the distance the object moves affect WORK done?
Further distance means more work done
47
WORK done word formula
WORK done 🟰 force ✖️ distance moved
48
WORK done letter formula
W = Fd
49
WORK done unit
J
50
Power definition
The rate at which energy is transferred
51
Power unit
W
52
Power word equation
Power 🟰 energy transferred ➗ time taken
53
Power letter equation
P = E/t (delta E)
54
What is efficiency
A measure of the amount of input energy that is transferred usefully
55
How does the conservation of energy principle affect efficiency?
The total input energy always equals the total output energy
56
Why is no device or process 100% efficient?
Because of friction, some energy will always be transferred to waste energy
57
Efficiency equation
Efficiency 🟰 useful power/energy output ➗ power/energy input (x100)
58
When is pressure happening?
When a force acts on a surface
59
Pressure definition
Force per unit area. A measure of the force being applied to a surface.
60
Pressure equation
p = F / A
61
Pressure unit
Pa
62
How do fluids cause pressure?
When particles move around, they collide with surfaces and each other and exert a force. These collisions create an overall force at right angles to each surface. Pressure is force per area so therefore the particles exert a pressure
63
On What does pressure in a liquid depend?
Depth and density
64
How does density affect pressure in a liquid?
The more dense liquid is, the more particles in a certain space, therefore more collisions, therefore high pressure.
65
How does depth affect density?
As the depth increases the number of particles above that point also increases, therefore there is more weight of the particles so there is more pressure
66
Pressure in a fluid formula
P = h x rho x g
67
What is atmospheric pressure?
The pressure caused by the air around an object. It acts on everything in the earths atmosphere.
68
When altitude increases, what happens to atmospheric pressure?
It decreases, this is because there are fewer air molecules
69
How does high altitude affect pressure?
There is less weight of the air above the point, so there is a small pressure. So atmosphere is less dance so there were less collisions and therefore less force.
70
71
What do you measure atmospheric pressure with?
A mercury barometer. It consists of an open Mercury reservoir with a narrow glass tube. The weight of the mercury column is equal to the force due to atmospheric pressure.
72
How do you measure a gas pressure?
Manometer. A u-tube manometer contains a liquid. By attaching each end to a gas vessel you can compare pressure. when both ends are the same pressure The heights are the same. Which ever arm has a shorter column of liquid the pressure is higher.

Physics CIE (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions