Energy Balance and Weight Management

Question 1

In photosynthesis, the plant uses energy from the sun, plus water and carbon dioxide, to synthesize

Answer 1

carbohydrates only

Question 2

A feature of catabolic reactions is that they

Answer 2

involve release of energy

Question 3

Which of the following reactions is an example of an anabolic reaction?

Answer 3

Cholesterol synthesis from acetyl CoA molecules

Question 4

Which of the following defines a coenzyme?

Answer 4

An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme

Question 5

The series of reactions involving the conversion of glucose to pyruvate is known as

Answer 5

glycolysis

Question 6

When a person is performing intense physical exercise and begins to feel fatigue and a burning pain in the muscles, the response of the muscles is to synthesize more

Answer 6

lactate

Question 7

What is a possible fate of acetyl CoA?

Answer 7

Synthesis to fatty acids

Question 8

Production of excessive amounts of acetyl CoA molecules leads to the synthesis of

Answer 8

fatty acids only

Question 9

What is a characteristic of the metabolism of specific macronutrients?

Answer 9

The rate of fat oxidation does not change when fat is eaten in excess

Question 10

Which of the following leads to the production of urea?

Answer 10

Oxidation of amino acids

Question 11

What are the products from the complete oxidation of fatty acids?

Answer 11

Water, carbon dioxide, and energy

Question 12

What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells?

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

How does excess carbohydrate intake contribute to obesity?

Answer 13

It spares oxidation of body fat and dietary fat

Question 14

Which of the following is the body’s first response to the absorption of abundant amounts of carbohydrate?

Answer 14

Synthesis and storage of glycogen

Question 15

Which of the following is a feature of low-carbohydrate diets?

Answer 15

Overall body fat losses are about the same as with other diets

Question 16

Which of the following is one explanation for the generally lower tolerance for alcohol in women in comparison to men?

Answer 16

Women have lower amounts of stomach alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 17

Excess alcohol intake leads to a reduction in the rate of ____ synthesis.

Answer 17

liver glucose

Question 18

What is acetaldehyde?

Answer 18

An intermediate in alcohol metabolism

Question 19

A feature of ketosis is that it ____.

Answer 19

occurs when fats are partially oxidized

Question 20

A moderate level of alcohol intake per day for the average-sized woman is defined as up to ____ drink(s).

Answer 20

one

Question 21

A typical cell contains “powerhouses,” which is another name for the ____.

Answer 21

mitochondria

Question 22

An aerobic reaction is one that requires ____.

Answer 22

​oxygen

Question 23

How many acetyl CoA molecules can be obtained from oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid?

Answer 23

9

Question 24

The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in people with chronic alcohol abuse stems primarily from a deficiency of ____.

Answer 24

thiamin

Question 25

What type of molecules serve as electron carriers to the electron transport chain?

Answer 25

Coenzymes

Question 26

Which of the following are all used to compute a woman’s BMR?

Answer 26

Body weight, height, and age

Question 27

You are planning a diet for a hospitalized patient who cannot participate in physical activity because both of his legs are broken and he will be bedridden for 6 weeks. Which of the following would best assess the patient’s energy expenditure?

Answer 27

Basal metabolic rate

Question 28

What is the weight classification assigned both to young women with 30 percent body fat and young men with 20 percent body fat?

Answer 28

normal

Question 29

Research in obese people seems to show that there is less susceptibility to health problems provided that the excess body fat is distributed around the

Answer 29

hips and thighs.

Question 30

Intra-abdominal fat is the same as

Answer 30

visceral fat

Question 31

Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed in the process are called ____.

Answer 31

Enzymes

Question 32

Which of the following hormones is most responsible for signaling satiety as well as reducing food intake during a meal

Answer 32

Cholecystokinin

Question 33

About how long does it take for a meal to be completely eliminated from the stomach?

Answer 33

4 hours

Question 34

What diet promotes the greatest loss of body heat?

Answer 34

High protein, low fat

Question 35

Which of the following factors has the most influence on the body’s metabolic rate?

Answer 35

Amount of lean body tissue

Question 36

Jacki, who has a sedentary lifestyle, is 5'5" tall and weighs 165 pounds. She calculated her BMI to be 27.5. She recognizes that her body weight is unhealthy and vows to improve her eating habits and begin a regular program of physical fitness. Her goal is to achieve a BMI of 22. Approximately how much weight (pounds) must she lose?

Answer 36

33

Question 37

What is a feature of the body mass index?

Answer 37

It correlates with disease risks.

Question 38

What is the primary factor that differentiates bulimia nervosa from binge eating?

Answer 38

Purging is rarely practiced in binge-eating disorder.

Question 39

Approximately what fraction of people treated for anorexia nervosa show reasonable maintenance of their weight gain?

Answer 39

1/2

Question 40

Which of the following is characteristic of the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa?

Answer 40

Binge eating typically occurs after a period of strict dieting

Question 41

What is a characteristic of amenorrhea?

Answer 41

It induces prolonged bone loss.

Question 42

What is a characteristic of excess intra-abdominal fat?

Answer 42

It may be more harmful than fat in other locations, according to some research.

Question 43

What is the main explanation for the difference in basal metabolic rates between males and females of the same body weight?

Answer 43

Males have a higher percentage of lean body mass.

Question 44

The brain chemical neuropeptide Y is known to specifically enhance the craving for ____.

Answer 44

carbs

Question 45

Inflammation is characterized by an increase in ____.

Answer 45

​immune cell accumulation

Question 46

A person is at high risk for signs of illness and diminished work capacity when the BMI first drops below ____.

Answer 46

17

Question 47

Which statement may best explain the relationship between excess body fat and higher risk for cancers of the female reproductive system?

Answer 47

​Excess body fat produces more estrogen, which may promote tumor development.

Question 48

Approximately what percentage of weight loss during starvation is lean body mass?

Answer 48

50

Question 49

For an average person on a 2000 kcalorie diet, how many kcalories are used specifically for basal metabolism?

Answer 49

1000

Question 50

The day after Thanksgiving, you and your sisters are a little hungry and want to eat leftovers before going shopping. Which food would most readily satisfy the feeling of hunger?

Answer 50

turkey

Question 51

Example of an anabolic reaction

Answer 51

Synthesis of cholesterol from acetate

Question 52

Example of a catabolic reaction

Answer 52

Synthesis of pyruvate from glycogen

Question 53

A protein that accelerates a chemical reaction

Answer 53

Enzyme

Question 54

A small non-protein organic substance that promotes optimal activity of an enzyme

Answer 54

coenzyme

Question 55

A product of glycolysis

Answer 55

Pyruvate

Question 56

A product of pyruvate metabolism when oxygen is limited

Answer 56

lactate

Question 57

The oxidation product of pyruvate

Answer 57

Acetyl CoA

Question 58

A recycling process of converting lactate to glucose

Answer 58

Cori cycle

Question 59

An irreversible reaction

Answer 59

Synthesis of acetyl CoA from glucose

Question 60

The part of a triglyceride that is convertible to glucose

Answer 60

Glycerol

Question 61

A product of deamination

Answer 61

Ammonia

Question 62

A compound synthesized from acetyl CoA when ATP is plentiful

Answer 62

Triglyceride

Question 63

The principal nitrogen-containing waste product

Answer 63

Urea

Question 64

Waste product of the electron transport chain

Answer 64

Water

Question 65

A storage form of carbohydrate

Answer 65

Glycogen

Question 66

The major energy fuel for the central nervous system

Answer 66

Glucose

Question 67

A ketone

Answer 67

Acetoacetate

Question 68

An enzyme with activity levels related to a person's sex

Answer 68

Gastric alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 69

A coenzyme required for metabolism of alcohol

Answer 69

NAD

Question 70

A system for metabolizing drugs and alcohol

Answer 70

MEOS

Question 71

Approximate number of kcalories in 2 pounds of body fat

Answer 71

7000

Question 72

Technique used to measure the amount of heat given off when a food burns

Answer 72

Direct calorimetry

Question 73

Technique used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed when a food burns

Answer 73

Indirect calorimetry

Question 74

Response to the smell of favorite food

Answer 74

appetite

Question 75

Irritating sensation that initiates thoughts of food

Answer 75

hunger

Question 76

A feeling of fullness after eating

Answer 76

Satiety

Question 77

Eating in response to arousal

Answer 77

Stress eating

Question 78

Eating in response to the time of day

Answer 78

External cue

Question 79

Energy needed to maintain the body at rest

Answer 79

Basal metabolism

Question 80

A factor that lowers basal metabolism

Answer 80

Fasting

Question 81

A factor that raises basal metabolism

Answer 81

Caffeine

Question 82

Approximate number of kcalories per minute expended by a person with a total daily energy need of 2900 kcalories

Answer 82

2

Question 83

Term that describes the energy needed to process food

Answer 83

Thermic effect

Question 84

Changes in energy expenditure consequent to changes in environment

Answer 84

Adaptive thermogenesis

Question 85

The amount of energy in a 1000-kcalorie meal that is expended as specific dynamic activity

Answer 85

100

Question 86

Synonymous with the thermic effect of food

Answer 86

Specific dynamic effect

Question 87

Maximum thermic effect of alcohol as percentage

Answer 87

20

Question 88

The percentage decline in basal metabolism per decade of adult life

Answer 88

5

Question 89

Body mass index of an adult of 180 lbs and 5 ft 11 in

Answer 89

25

Question 90

Lower range of body fat percentage in normal-weight men

Answer 90

18

Question 91

anabolic

Answer 91

requires energy, to join thing

Question 92

catabolic

Answer 92

releases energy, to break apart

Question 93

what does the body use to transfer energy released during catabolic reaction to power anabolic reactions that require energy

Answer 93

ATP

Question 94

What can be used to make glucose and what cannot

Answer 94

Pyruvate can Acetly CoA cannot

Question 95

amino acids and glycerol can be converted to

Answer 95

pyruvate

Question 96

fatty acids are converted to

Answer 96

Acetly CoA

Question 97

carbs should be

Answer 97

40-65%

Question 98

fats should be

Answer 98

20-35%

Question 99

protein should be

Answer 99

10-35%

Question 100

Pyruvate to Acetly CoA

Answer 100

aerobic

Question 101

fatty acids to Acetly CoA

Answer 101

fatty acid oxidation

Question 102

amino acid deamnation

Answer 102

lose their nitrogen

Question 103

1 glucose yields

Answer 103

2 pyruvate which yields 2 Acetyl CoA

Question 104

TCA Cycle

Answer 104

breaks down molecules to Acetyl CoA