Energy, Environmental Management Flashcards
What is the global energy mix
Good estimate of the amount of different primary sources used to create energy and/ or electricity worldwide
What is the global mix made up of
82.3% is non renewables, with 31% oil (largest energy source)
Renewables make up 13.5% (hydroelectric is largest renewable source)
4.3% is nuclear energy
What is a HIC
A country with a high gross national income (GNI) per person and a diverse supply of resources. Have mixed economies, which a small primary sector, but well-developed secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors. Their wealth has enabled them to improve the quality of life of their population; high life expectancy and high literacy.
Generally high energy consumption
What is a LIC
A country with a low gross national income (GNI) per person and a general lack or resources, especially financial. Often it has a large primary, with agriculture as the main economic activity. Poor quality of life generally, and low life expectancy.
What is an MIC
Country with a variety of GNI per person. Usually very diverse with a large supply of resources in urban cities and a lack in rural villages. This creates a divide between population of the country. Life expectancy on the rise as healthcare improving in urban areas. Biggest financial sector is secondary, like manufacturing. Quality of life is improving.
-Energy consumption increasing nationally, and higher demand.
What is primary energy
Fuels that provide energy without undergoing any conversion process, for example coal, natural gas and fuel wood
What is secondary energy
Includes electricity and petrol, which are made from the processing of primary fuels
What are some factors that increased the level of energy demand (like Norway)
-rising consumptions
-growing GDP, incomes growing significantly
-electricity for homes + petrol for cars have become affordable (high energy security)
-high standard of living and high quality of life
What are the reasons for the UK’s decreasing demand
-UK’s economy has changed since the 1970s; traditional industries (manufacturing) have disappeared
-Economy has become post-industrial
-Energy efficient technologies
Renewable energy in the UK
-in 2021 about 15% of UK energy production came from renewable sources (for electricity, 50% comes from renewables)
Wind power in the UK
-offshore supplies electricity for more than 5 million homes
-2000 offshore turbines in 2020
-Hornsea One project has 174 giant turbines, and it has the largest electricity generating capacity in the world
Economic advantages and disadvantages of wind energy in the UK
Adv: creates employment opportunities for locals, decrease reliance on fossil fuels
Dis: reliance on TNCs, profit flows away from UK, very expensive
Sociopolitical advantages and disadvantages of wind power in the UK
Adv: UK is world’s leading generator of offshore wind energy, decrease reliance on fossil fuels
Dis: could be argued are unattractive
Environmental advantages and disadvantages of wind power in the UK
Adv: limited impact on ecosystems, reduced dependence on fossil fuels, wind is free and available resource
Dis: 10,000-100,000 bird deaths a year
Concerns and advantages of nuclear power
Adv: 0 emissions of greenhouse gases, reduced import on fossil fuels, reliable source of energy, no price fluctuations
Dis: power plant accidents, how to store radioactive waste?, high cost, nuclear fuel for weapons
