Energy for Biological Processes Flashcards
(26 cards)
where does the link reaction take place?
mitochondrial matrix
where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
mitochondrial matrix
where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
where does the Krebs cycle take place?
mitochondrial matrix
where does the Calvin cycle take place?
the stroma of the chloroplasts
state the products of oxidative phosphorylation
ATP, water, reduced NAD & FAD
absorption spectra
graph showing the wavelengths of light which each photosynthetic pigment absorbs during photosynthesis
action spectra
graph showing the overall rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths
what happens in the link reaction?
oxidation of pyruvate to acetate.
acetate combines with CoA.
forms acetyl coenzyme A.
state the purpose of aerobic respiration
produces ATP which can be hydrolysed to ADP+Pi.
to release energy for metabolic reactions.
state the products of the Krebs cycle
ATP.
NADH & FADH.
carbon dioxide from decarboxylation.
what is the electron transport chain?
series of carrier proteins embedded in membrane of the cristae of mitochondria
how does chemiosmosis produce ATP during aerobic respiration?
protons move down concentration gradient from inter membrane space into matrix via channel protein ATP synthase
state the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration
final electron acceptor in ETC.
produces water as byproduct.
what is the benefit of an ETC rather than a single reaction?
energy is released gradually.
less energy is lost as heat.
what is anaerobic respiration?
partial breakdown of hexose sugars in oxygen deprived conditions.
produces a limited ATP yield.
what happens during anaerobic respiration in animals?
only glycolysis continues
what is the role of pyruvate in anaerobic respiration?
hydrogen acceptor
what happens to the lactate produced in anaerobic respiration?
transported via blood to liver.
oxidised to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase.
enters link reaction in liver cells or converted to glycogen.
how does lactate affect muscle contraction in mammals?
acidic so decreases pH.
results in muscle fatigue.
what happens during anaerobic respiration in some microorganisms (e.g. yeast) ?
only glycolysis continues.
pyruvate is decarboxylated to form ethanal.
ethanal is reduced to ethanol using NADred to produce NAD for more glycolysis.
what is the advantage of producing ethanol/lactate in anaerobic respiration?
converts NADred back into NAD so glycolysis can continue
compare ATP yields per molecule of glucose from aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
aerobic - 38
anaerobic - 2 from glycolysis
explain the principle behind using a respirometer.
pressure changes in the boiling tube due to CO2 production/O2 consumption causes liquid to move
