Energy for Exercise

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

the chemical processes that occur within a cell to maintain life. Some substances are broken down to provide energy while others are resynthesised to store energy.

Question 2

Define adenosine triphosphate

Answer 2

ATP

a high compound which is the only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction

Question 3

Define enzyme

Answer 3

biological catalyst which increases the speed of chemical reactions

Question 4

Define ATPase

Answer 4

an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP

Question 5

Define exothermic reaction

Answer 5

a chemical reaction which releases energy

Question 6

Define adenosine diphosphate

Answer 6

a compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP

Question 7

What is energy?

Answer 7

it is the capacity to form work

Question 8

3 different forms of energy

Answer 8

chemical
potenital
kinetic

Question 9

How do the different forms of energy work together?

Answer 9

chemical in the food we eat, stored as potential energy then converted to kinetic energy for muscular contraction

Question 10

How can the food we eat be stored?

Answer 10

amine acids
triglycerides
glycogen
so it is ready for energy production

Question 11

What happens when the fuels are metabolised?

Answer 11

they are converted to ATP

Question 12

What is ATP known as?

Answer 12

the universal energy currency of the human body

Question 13

When ATP is broken down, energy is provided for?

Answer 13

cellular respiration such as
digestion
nerve transmission
muscular contraction

Question 14

Where is ATP stored?

Answer 14

in the muscle cells

Question 15

What is the consideration of ATP?

Answer 15

one adenosine and 3 phosphates held together by bonds of chemical energy

Question 16

Explain the breakdown of ATP

Answer 16

the enzyme ATPase is released which stimulates the final high-energy bond to be broken, it leaves ADP and P

Question 17

What type of reaction is ATP breakdown?

Answer 17

exothermic reaction

Question 18

How long does the store of ATP in the muscle cells last for?

Answer 18

2-3 seconds

Question 19

Define endothermic reaction

Answer 19

a chemical reaction which absorbs energy

Question 20

What type of reaction is ATP resynthesis?

Answer 20

endothermic reaction

Question 21

Explain the resynthesis of ATP

Answer 21

energy from the surrounding areas is absorbed to rebuild the high energy bond between ADP and P

Question 22

Where does the energy required for ATP resynthesis come from?

Answer 22

one of the three energy systems which breaks down food fuels stored around the body

Question 23

Equation for ATP resynthesis

Answer 23

ADP + P + energy = ATP

Question 24

Equation for ATP breakdown

Answer 24

ATP = ADP + P + energy

Question 25

Name the 3 different energy systems

Answer 25

ATP PC glycolytic aerobic

Question 26

What do the three energy systems do?

Answer 26

they breakdown food fuels to provide energy for ATP resynthesis

Question 27

Define creatine kinase

Answer 27

an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC)

Question 28

Define phosphocreatine

Answer 28

a high energy compound stores in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resynthesis

Question 29

Define anaerobic

Answer 29

without the presence of oxygen

Question 30

Define sarcoplasm

Answer 30

the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin

Question 31

Define mole

Answer 31

a unit of a substance

Question 32

Define coupled reaction

Answer 32

where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction.

Question 33

Define creatine kinase

Answer 33

an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC)

Question 34

Define phosphocreatine

Answer 34

a high energy compound stored in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resynthesis

Question 35

Define anaerobic

Answer 35

without the presence of oxygen

Question 36

Define sarcoplasm

Answer 36

the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin

Question 37

Define mole

Answer 37

a unit of substate quantity

Question 38

Define coupled reaction

Answer 38

where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction

Question 39

When does the ATP-PC system kick it?

Answer 39

during high intensity activity after the first two seconds of intense activity depletes the original ATP stores