Energy for Life: Respiration and Diffusion & Gas exchange in humans Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is ATP?
energy-carrying molecule in cells, often referred to as the “energy currency” of the cell
how does respiration produce ATP in living organisms?
by converting the energy stored in thigs like glucose, into a usable form for cellular activities
does ATP provide energy for cells? yes or no
yes
does ATP provide respiration for cells? yes or no
no
2 similarities between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
they both begin with glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose) and they both produce ATP
2 differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and a larger amount of energy
word equation for aerobic respiration in living organisms?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
symbol equation for aerobic respiration in living organisms?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose -> Lactic Acid + energy
word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
what is the practical for carbon dioxide test
limewater
how does the thorax move when you breathe in?
the ribcage moves up and out and the diaphragm moves down to make room for the lungs
how does the thorax move when you breathe out?
the ribcage moves down and in and the diaphragm moves up to fill the space under the empty lungs
what is the role of intercostal muscles and diaphragm in ventilation?
changing the volume of the chest cavity and the pressure within it, which allows for air to move into and out of the lungs
how are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in the capillaries?
they have a large surface area, thin walls, dense amount of capillaries and a concentration gradient which is higher than the blood
3 results of smoking?
lung cancer, heart disease and coronary heart disease
what is coronary heart disease?
when the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood become narrowed or blocked by a build-up of plaque
what is a practical that investigates breathing in humans including the release of carbon dioxide and the effect of exercise?
measuring breathing rate before and after exercise. Demonstrating the presence of carbon dioxide in exhaled air using limewater.
definition of diffusion?
particles moving from a high concentration to a low concentration
what is a type of diffusion of substances that move in and out of cells through water?
osmosis is a type of diffusion where water molecules move across a membrane by diffusion.
what 3 things affect the rate of the movement of substances moving in and out of cells?
surface area: volume ratio, temperature and concentration gradient
describe the practical where you investigate diffusion using living and non-living systems.
agar jelly cubes practical
