Energy intake, expenditure, and balance Flashcards
(11 cards)
1
Q
energy
A
the ability to perform work (joules or calories)
2
Q
energy expenditure
A
= basal metabolic rate + the thermic effect of food + energy expanded through physical activity (MET’s)
3
Q
basal metabolic rate
A
- minimum amount of energy required to sustain essential physiological functions at rest
- accounts for 75% of energy expenditure
4
Q
thermic effect of food
A
- energy required to eat, digest, absorb and use food taken in
- accounts for a very small % of total energy expenditure
5
Q
consequences of not meeting the energy needs
A
- muscle atrophy
- decreased intensity and duration of performance
- slow recovery rates
- increased risk of injury, illness and fatigue
6
Q
individual calorific requirements
A
age, gender, size, environment, lifestyle, metabolic rate
7
Q
metabolic equivalent task
A
- ratio of working metabolic rate relative to their resting metabolic rate
- uses O2 consumption/unit of body weight/min to estimate exercise intensity (ml/O2/kg/min)
8
Q
MET values
A
- 1 MET = 3.5ml/kg/min or 0.0175 kcal/kg/min
- number of Mets increases with exercise intensity
9
Q
energy balance
A
- when the amount of energy taken in = the amount of energy expended
- if balanced weight is maintained
- greater intake means weight gained
- lower intake means weight lost
10
Q
energy yields
A
- carbs: 4 kcal/g
- fats: 9 kcal/g
- proteins: 4 kcal/g
11
Q
energy intake
A
the total amount of energy from food and beverages consumed and measured in joules or calories
