Energy Matters

Question 1

What are the properties of a solid?

Answer 1

Solids:

• don’t flow
• keep the same shape
• keep the same volume

Question 2

What are the properties of a liquid?

Answer 2

Liquids:

• flow
• take the shape of the container
• keep the same volume

Question 3

What are the properties of a gas?

Answer 3

Gases:

• flow
• take the shape of the container they are in
• fill the volume of the container they are in

Question 4

State what is meant by the term ‘melting’.

Answer 4

A material changing state from solid to liquid.

Question 5

State what is meant by the term ‘evaporation’.

Answer 5

A material changing state from liquid to gas.

Question 6

State what is meant by the term ‘freezing’.

Answer 6

A material changing state from liquid to solid.

Question 7

State what is meant by the term ‘condensation’.

Answer 7

A material changing state from gas to liquid.

Question 8

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.

Answer 8

Particles in a solid are:

• close together
• not free to move (only vibrate)
• arranged regularly

Question 9

Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid.

Answer 9

Particles in a liquid are:

• close together
• move around each other
• not arranged in any order

Question 10

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.

Answer 10

Particles in a gas are:

• very far apart
• free to move in any direction
• not arranged in any order

Question 11

Solid, liquid or gas?

Answer 11

Solid.

Question 12

Solid, liquid or gas?

Answer 12

Liquid.

Question 13

Solid liquid or gas?

Answer 13

Gas.

Question 14

In which state of matter do the particles move around fastest?

Answer 14

Gas.

Question 15

Describe what happens to the particles in a material when its temperature is raised.

Answer 15

The particles move faster as the temperature of a material is increased.

Question 16

Name the 3 methods of heat transfer.

Answer 16

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

Question 17

State the name given to heat transfer through a solid.

Answer 17

Conduction.

Question 18

Explain how heat travels through a solid.

Answer 18

As a solid is heated the particles vibrate more vigorously.

They bump into nearby particles causing them to vibrate more.

This passes the heat energy along the material.

Question 19

State the name given to heat transfer through liquids and gases.

Answer 19

Convection.

Question 20

Heat rises and falls in liquids and gases as shown in the diagram.

What name is given to this process?

Answer 20

Convection current.

Question 21

Explain how the radiator heats up the air in a room.

Answer 21

• Heater heats nearby air.
• As nearby air warms it becomes less dense.
• This less dense air rises.
• Cooler, denser air takes its place.
• A convection current is set up.
• Heater eventually heats all air up.

Question 22

State another name for heat.

Answer 22

Infrared radiation.

Question 23

State the name given to heat transfer through a vacuum.

Answer 23

Radiation.

Question 24

Conduction of heat is the transfer of heat energy through which state(s) of matter?

Answer 24

Solid.

Question 25

**Convection** of heat is the **transfer of heat** energy through which state(s) of matter?

Answer 25

**Liquids** and **Gases**

Question 26

State one method of **reducing heat loss** in the home by **convection**.

Answer 26

**Loft insulation**.

Question 27

State one method of **reducing heat loss** in the home by **conduction**.

Answer 27

Cavity wall insulation. Double glazing.

Question 28

Name the three **heat transfer methods** labelled as X, Y and Z.

Answer 28

* X: convection * Y: conduction * Z: radiation

Question 29

Describe where heat travels from and to.

Answer 29

Heat travels from **hot to cold**.

Question 30

Name the **fossil fuels**.

Answer 30

**Coal**, **oil** and **gas**.

Question 31

State what is meant by the term '**non-renewable energy**'.

Answer 31

Sources of energy that will **eventually run out**.

Question 32

State what is meant by the term '**renewable energy**'.

Answer 32

Sources of energy that will **not run out**.

Question 33

Name **5 examples** of **renewable sources of energy**.

Answer 33

**Solar** **Wind** **Hydroelectric** **Wave** **Tidal** **Geothermal**

Question 34

State **2 advantages** of using **renewable** sources of energy.

Answer 34

* They will **not run out**. AND * Do **not directly produce carbon dioxide** or air pollution.

Question 35

State **2 disadvantages** of using **renewable** sources of energy.

Answer 35

* **Not reliable** (not always windy, daylight etc). AND * **Only suitable in particular locations**.

Question 36

Name **2 greenhouse gases**.

Answer 36

**Carbon dioxide** **Methane**

Question 37

What is **climate change**?

Answer 37

Greenhouse **gases** in the atmosphere **trapping** the **sun's heat** causing **global temperatures** to **rise**.

Question 38

State some **e****ffects**of**climate change**.

Answer 38

**Heat waves** **Hurricanes** **Floods** **Droughts** **Wild fires** **Rising sea levels** **Warming oceans**

Question 39

What **actions** will help **reduce** the volume of **carbon dioxide** in our atmosphere?

Answer 39

* Using more renewable energy * Capturing carbon dioxide produced * Using electric vehicles * Eat less meat