Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 189 > Energy Of Life > Flashcards

Energy Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

what is energy

A

The capacity to cause change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the four components of amino acids?

A

a hydrogen bond
an amino group
a carboxyl group
a side chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

primary structure is held together by?

A

peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

secondary structure is determined by _________

bonds within the __________

A

hydrogen

polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tertiary structure is determined by interactions between the _______, rather than interactions between the backbone contituents.

A

R groups (side chains)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tertiary structure may include what bonds?

A

hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic, and Vander waals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

strong covalent bonds called _________ may reinforce the proteins structure

A

disulfide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the two laws of thermodynamics

A

Energy can not be be created or destroyed

every chemical reaction causes entropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is entropy

A

disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

heat (thermal energy) is ______ energy

A

kinetix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chemical energy is also _______ energy

A

potential.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

matter can be converted into _______.

A

energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

organisms are ______ systems

A

open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a metabolic pathway begins with a specific ______ and ends with a ________.

A

molecule

product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are most metabolic pathways similar between organisms

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do cells maintain balance between catabolism and anabolism

A

ENZYMES cataltze metabolic reactions and maintain HOMEOSTASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is catabolism

A

The process of breaking down large molecules to smaller components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is anabolism

A

Is the synthesis of new molecules from smaller conponents
Anabolism : Building
A B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is chaperonins

A

proteins that aid in proper folding of other proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

chains of amino acids are called _____

A

polypeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The backbone of polypeptides are

A

amino, carbon carboxy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the four levels of a protein structure

A

primary
secondary
tertiary
quarternary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does essential mean

A

The body can not make. needs to be consumed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a protein consists of one or more properly folded______

A

polypeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

name 3 types of most important lipids

A

fats & oils
phospholipids
steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How does phospholipids differ from tryglicerides

A

phospholipids have two fatty acids

triglycerides have three fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

phospholipids always have one unsaturated fat made up of fatty acid

True or false

A

true

28
Q

name 3 steroids

A

testosterone
estradiol
cholesterol

29
Q

what is the general chemical structure for the steroid

A

the carbon skeleton has four fused rings of hydrogen

30
Q

name the two types of nucleic

A

DNA and RNA

31
Q

what is the primary structural component of the cell membrane

A

phospholipids that drink together and result in a bilayer arrangement

32
Q

what are the three components four nucleotides

A

nitrogenous base five carbon sugar and phosphate

33
Q

what is a nucleoside

A

it is a nucleotide without a phosphate group

34
Q

what is a backbone for a nucleotide

A

sugar and phosphate

35
Q

what kind of bond links Polynucleotides together

A

covalent bonds

36
Q

what part of each Palio nucleotide chain is unique

A

nitrogenous base

37
Q

which class of macromolecules do not form from monomers into polymers

A

lipids

38
Q

what is a open system

A

energy and matter can be transferred between systems and its surrounding

39
Q

what is a closed system

A

it’s unable to exchange energy or matter with it’s surroundings

40
Q

, what is a polypeptide

A

polymers built from amino acid monomers

41
Q

what is a protein

A

consists of one or more properly folded polypeptide

made up by stringing together 20 different amino acids

42
Q

where is the potential energy stored in a molecule of

A

in the bonds between phosphate groups

43
Q

enzymes are highly specific what does this refer to?

A

the enzyme substrate binding site is a perfect match

44
Q

describe how enzymes lower activation energy

A

by providing a favorable environment

orienting molecules correctly

45
Q

what is the monomer for nucleic acid

A

nucleotides

46
Q

steroids are hydrophobic

true or false

A

true

47
Q

which lipid is amphilic

A

phispholipids

48
Q

why does a phospholipids have a unsaturated fat

A

for fluidity

49
Q

what type of bonding occurs between the nitrogenouse bases

A

hydrogen bonds

50
Q

during every energy transfer some energy is unusable and is often lost as heat which thermodynamics law is this

A

second law

51
Q

what is a gene

A

DNA sequence that encodes a specific protein

52
Q

what is mRNA

A

messenger for RNA

53
Q

what is tRNA

A

carries or transfers amino acid

54
Q

what is rRNA

A

this is where proteins are made, protein synthesis the ribosomes are here

55
Q

what is transcription

A

only the DNA region necessary to make a protein is transcribed

56
Q

what is a polypeptide

A

a polymer of amino acids

57
Q

what is a nucleoid

A

a region where DNA in a prokaryotic cell is located not enclosed by membrane

58
Q

what is the Pili on a cell used for

A

used to attach sell to surface there is no movement

59
Q

what is the flagella used for

A

used for movement of a cell it looks like a tail

60
Q

what is a organelle

A

specialized unit in a cell that has its own specific function like little organs

61
Q

what is a nuclear envelope

A

a double membrane that encloses the nucleus

62
Q

what is a heterotroph

A

an organism that obtains carbon and energy by consuming other living organisms a consumer

63
Q

what are mutations

A

the changing of a gene structure

64
Q

at what level does the side chain Bond

A

tertiary

65
Q

pleated sheets are example of what protein structure

A

secondary

66
Q

hydrolysis reactions are examples of what metabolic reaction

A

exergonic reaction

Biology 189 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions