Energy Sources Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is energy?
Capacity to do work
What is a kilocalorie?
the amount of heat necessary to raise the temp of 1 kg of water 1 degree
What is energy needed for?
- Mechanical movements
- Protein synthesis
- Storage of feuls
How much energy do you get from 1 gram or carbs, proteins, and fats?
Carbs= 4 Kcal Fat= 9 Kcal Protein= 4 Kcal
What are the 6 categories of nutrients?
Carbs Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water
Difference between vitamins and minerals
Vitamins- organic, can be broken down by heat, air, or acid
Minerals- inorganic and maintain chemical structure
Commonality among vitamins and minerals
Help build bones, heal wounds, and bolster immune system
What helps build strong bones?
Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, magnesium, and phosphorus
What prevents birth defects?
Folic acid
What helps maintain healthy teeth?
Flouride
What are the 4 forms of energy?
Chemical- food
Electrical
Heat
Mechanical
What are the three forms of carbs?
Monosaccharides- glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides- maltose, sucrose
Polysaccharides- starch, cellulose, glycogen
What is glycogenolysis?
Breaking down of glycogen into glucose
What is glycogenesis?
Formation of glycogen from glucose
What are the three ways glycogen is stored?
Liver glycogen
Muscle glycogen
Glucose in blood
What do carbs do?
- Provide energy for cellular metabolism
- Form glycogen in liver and muscles
- Convert to fat for later use
Where can we obtain simple carbs from?
Sugar, honey, milk, fruit juices
What is normal liver and muscle glycogen?
Liver= 100 grams Muscle= 400 grams
Complex carbohydrates do what?
- Take longer to convert into sucrose or glucose and richer in vitamins and nutrients
- Provide steady release of energy into body
- Come from vegetables, oatmeal, legumes, beans, dark breads, and pasta
What can fats do?
- Metabolized for energy
2. Contained in plants and animals
2 important fats for metabolism
Fatty acid- saturated an unsaturated
Triglyceride- fatty acid stored in fat cells made up of glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acids
How much of our caloric intake should be fats?
20%
What do lipids serve as?
Source of feul and important constituent of cell structure
Where do saturated fats come from?
Animals
