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Exercise Physiology > Energy Sources > Flashcards

Energy Sources Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy?

A

Capacity to do work

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2
Q

What is a kilocalorie?

A

the amount of heat necessary to raise the temp of 1 kg of water 1 degree

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3
Q

What is energy needed for?

A
  1. Mechanical movements
  2. Protein synthesis
  3. Storage of feuls
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4
Q

How much energy do you get from 1 gram or carbs, proteins, and fats?

A 
Carbs= 4 Kcal
Fat= 9 Kcal
Protein= 4 Kcal
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5
Q

What are the 6 categories of nutrients?

A 
Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
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6
Q

Difference between vitamins and minerals

A

Vitamins- organic, can be broken down by heat, air, or acid

Minerals- inorganic and maintain chemical structure

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7
Q

Commonality among vitamins and minerals

A

Help build bones, heal wounds, and bolster immune system

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8
Q

What helps build strong bones?

A

Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, magnesium, and phosphorus

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9
Q

What prevents birth defects?

A

Folic acid

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10
Q

What helps maintain healthy teeth?

A

Flouride

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11
Q

What are the 4 forms of energy?

A

Chemical- food
Electrical
Heat
Mechanical

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12
Q

What are the three forms of carbs?

A

Monosaccharides- glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides- maltose, sucrose
Polysaccharides- starch, cellulose, glycogen

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13
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

Breaking down of glycogen into glucose

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14
Q

What is glycogenesis?

A

Formation of glycogen from glucose

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15
Q

What are the three ways glycogen is stored?

A

Liver glycogen
Muscle glycogen
Glucose in blood

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16
Q

What do carbs do?

A
  1. Provide energy for cellular metabolism
  2. Form glycogen in liver and muscles
  3. Convert to fat for later use
17
Q

Where can we obtain simple carbs from?

A

Sugar, honey, milk, fruit juices

18
Q

What is normal liver and muscle glycogen?

A 
Liver= 100 grams
Muscle= 400 grams
19
Q

Complex carbohydrates do what?

A
  1. Take longer to convert into sucrose or glucose and richer in vitamins and nutrients
  2. Provide steady release of energy into body
  3. Come from vegetables, oatmeal, legumes, beans, dark breads, and pasta
20
Q

What can fats do?

A
  1. Metabolized for energy

2. Contained in plants and animals

21
Q

2 important fats for metabolism

A

Fatty acid- saturated an unsaturated

Triglyceride- fatty acid stored in fat cells made up of glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acids

22
Q

How much of our caloric intake should be fats?

A

20%

23
Q

What do lipids serve as?

A

Source of feul and important constituent of cell structure

24
Q

Where do saturated fats come from?

A

Animals

25
Q

Where do unsaturated fats come from?

A

Plants

26
Q

When is more fat used as energy?

A

During lower intensity motions and exercise

2/3 energy during rest= from fat

27
Q

What are the roles of lipids in the body?

A
  1. Energy source and reserve
  2. Protection of vital organs
  3. Thermal insulation
  4. Vitamin carrier
28
Q

What are the 2 types of amino acids?

A

Essential (9)- may be ingested in food, but cannot be synthesized
Nonessential (11)- can be synthesized by body

29
Q

How much of our calories should come from protein?

A

10-15%

30
Q

What do enzymes do?

A
  1. Facilitate chemical reactions
  2. Lower energy necessary for reactions to take place
  3. Facilitate and increase speed of reactions
31
Q

What is a catabolic reaction?

A

Breaking down of substrate into molecules

32
Q

What is an anabolic reaction?

A

Forming of product from molecules

33
Q

What are the 3 factors affecting speed of facilitation?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Acidity
  3. Need for coenzymes
34
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

Glucose+6O2 6CO2+6H2O+ATP

35
Q

Do you deposit lactic acid during ATP-PC system?

A

No, because you use it too quickly and it has no content of glucose, so lactic acid will not be produced

Exercise Physiology (1 decks)

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