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Exercise Physiology > Energy Sources > Flashcards

Energy Sources Flashcards

1
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to do the work

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2
Q

Kilo Calorie (kCal)

A

Heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree Celcius

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3
Q

Energy is Needed For

A
  • Mechanical movements
  • Protein synthesis
  • Storage of fuels
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4
Q

Energy From Carbs

A

4 kCal/g

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5
Q

Energy From Fat

A

9 kCal/g

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6
Q

Energy From

A

4 kCal/g

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7
Q

Work

A

Force * Distance

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8
Q

Nutrition Provides

A
  1. Energy

2. Synthesizing and repairing cells

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9
Q

Six Categories of Nutrients

A
  1. Carbs
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Vitamins
  5. Minerals
  6. Water
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10
Q

Vitamins

A

Organic and can be broken down by heat

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11
Q

Minerals

A

Inorganic and cannot be broken down

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12
Q

Vitamins and Minerals

A

Micronutrients

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13
Q

Forms of Energy

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Electrical
  3. Heat
  4. Mechanical
    - Food is chemical energy that gets converted into heat and mechanical energy by the body
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14
Q

Carbs

A
  • Rapid, readily available energy source
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15
Q

Three Forms of Carbs

A
  1. Monosaccharides - Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
  2. Disaccharides - Maltose, Sucrose
  3. Polysaccharides - Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen
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16
Q

Glycogenesis

A

Formation of glycogen from glucose

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17
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Break down of glycogen into glucose

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18
Q

Glycogen

A

Stores in the liver and muscles
- 100 g in liver
400 g in muscles

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19
Q

Uses of Carbs

A
  1. Energy for cellular metabolism
  2. Forms glycogen in the liver
  3. Converts to fats for later use
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20
Q

Simple Carbs

A

-Sugar, honey, milk, fruit juices

21
Q

Complex Carbs

A
  • Take longer for body to convert into glucose
  • Provide a steady release of energy into body
  • Vegetables, oatmeal, legumes, breads, beans, pasta
22
Q

Fats

A
  • Can be metabolized for energy
  • Need more oxygen to break down into glucose and water
  • C16-H32-O2
23
Q

Two Types of Fat

A
  1. Fatty acid - Saturated and Unsaturated

2. Triglycerides - Stored in body

24
Q

Role of Fats in the Body

A
  1. Energy source and reserve
  2. Protection of vital organs
  3. Thermal insulation
  4. Vitamin carrier
25
Q

Proteins

A
  • Meat and vegetables

- 10 to 15% of calories in diet

26
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A
  • 9

- Must be eaten through diet

27
Q

Nonessential Amino Acids

A
  • 11

Can be synthesized in body

28
Q

Enzymes

A
  • Protein molecules that facilitate a chemical reaction

- Affected by temperature, acidity, coenzymes

29
Q

Catabolic Reaction

A

Breaking down of substrate into molecules

30
Q

Anabolic Reaction

A

Forming of product from molecules

31
Q

Where Does Energy Come From

A

ATP
ATP ADP + Pi + Energy
CP –> Creatin + Pi
CP = Creatine Phosphate

32
Q

Anaerobic Metabolism Processes

A
  • ATP-CP
  • Anaerobic Glycolysis
  • Without oxygen produces lactic acid
33
Q

Aerobic Metabolism Processes

A
  • Aerobic Glycolysis
  • Fat Metabolism
  • Protein Metabolism
  • With oxygen
34
Q

Aerobic Metabolism

A
  • Oxygen required
  • Generates ENERGY, O2, WATER
  • Used at rest or lower intensity activities (walking, distance running)
  • Mostly involves CARBS and FATS
35
Q

Anaerobic Metabolism

A
  • No oxygen required
  • Generates ENERGY, CO2, LACTIC ACID
  • Used for high intensity, short duration (sprinting, weight lifting)
  • Only involves CARBS
36
Q

ATP

A
  • Most important energy molecule
  • Product of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
  • Adenine, Ribose, 3 Phosphates
37
Q

ATP-CP System

A
  • Increases in activity of creatine kinase
  • Faster regeneration of ATP
  • Increased performance of short-duration, high power activities (anaerobic)
  • Produces enough energy for 3-5 seconds
38
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis

A
  • C6H12O6 –> Lactic acid + Energy

- Since no oxygen lactic acid is produced and doesn’t go into Krebs Cycle

39
Q

Phosphofructokinase

A

Rate limiting enzyme for anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis

40
Q

Place Glycolysis Occurs?

A

Cytoplasm of muscle cell

41
Q

Place Krebs Cycle Occurs?

A

Mitochondria

- Krebs Cycle is only aerobic glycolysis

42
Q

Oxidation

A

Removal of hydrogen ions form substrates

43
Q

Reduction

A

Ions and electrons are to be carried to mitochondria for energy production
- NAD and FAD in mitochondria

44
Q

NAD and FAD

A
  • NAD produces 3 ATP

- FAD produces 2 ATP

45
Q

Glycolysis

A
  • Takes place in cytoplasm
  • Aerobic Glycolysis produces 36 ATP (including Krebs Cycle)
  • Anaerobic Glycolysis produces 2-3 ATP
46
Q

Increasing Intramuscular Glycogen

A
  • Endurance training increases IM Glycogen

- Weights and Sprints do not

47
Q

Krebs Cycle

A
  • Oxidizes substrates and produces ATP
  • CARBS, FAT, PROTEIN can enter
  • Acetyl-CoA is main substrate
  • Hydrogen and Electrons are transported to Electron Transport Chan by NADH and FADH
48
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A
  • Produces a majority of ATP

- Oxidative Phosphorylation

49
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Production of ATP by Electron Transport Chain

Exercise Physiology (1 decks)

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