Energy Sources Flashcards
(49 cards)
1
Q
Energy
A
Capacity to do the work
2
Q
Kilo Calorie (kCal)
A
Heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree Celcius
3
Q
Energy is Needed For
A
- Mechanical movements
- Protein synthesis
- Storage of fuels
4
Q
Energy From Carbs
A
4 kCal/g
5
Q
Energy From Fat
A
9 kCal/g
6
Q
Energy From
A
4 kCal/g
7
Q
Work
A
Force * Distance
8
Q
Nutrition Provides
A
- Energy
2. Synthesizing and repairing cells
9
Q
Six Categories of Nutrients
A
- Carbs
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
10
Q
Vitamins
A
Organic and can be broken down by heat
11
Q
Minerals
A
Inorganic and cannot be broken down
12
Q
Vitamins and Minerals
A
Micronutrients
13
Q
Forms of Energy
A
- Chemical
- Electrical
- Heat
- Mechanical
- Food is chemical energy that gets converted into heat and mechanical energy by the body
14
Q
Carbs
A
- Rapid, readily available energy source
15
Q
Three Forms of Carbs
A
- Monosaccharides - Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
- Disaccharides - Maltose, Sucrose
- Polysaccharides - Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen
16
Q
Glycogenesis
A
Formation of glycogen from glucose
17
Q
Glycogenolysis
A
Break down of glycogen into glucose
18
Q
Glycogen
A
Stores in the liver and muscles
- 100 g in liver
400 g in muscles
19
Q
Uses of Carbs
A
- Energy for cellular metabolism
- Forms glycogen in the liver
- Converts to fats for later use
20
Q
Simple Carbs
A
-Sugar, honey, milk, fruit juices
21
Q
Complex Carbs
A
- Take longer for body to convert into glucose
- Provide a steady release of energy into body
- Vegetables, oatmeal, legumes, breads, beans, pasta
22
Q
Fats
A
- Can be metabolized for energy
- Need more oxygen to break down into glucose and water
- C16-H32-O2
23
Q
Two Types of Fat
A
- Fatty acid - Saturated and Unsaturated
2. Triglycerides - Stored in body
24
Q
Role of Fats in the Body
A
- Energy source and reserve
- Protection of vital organs
- Thermal insulation
- Vitamin carrier
25
Proteins
- Meat and vegetables
| - 10 to 15% of calories in diet
26
Essential Amino Acids
- 9
| - Must be eaten through diet
27
Nonessential Amino Acids
- 11
| Can be synthesized in body
28
Enzymes
- Protein molecules that facilitate a chemical reaction
| - Affected by temperature, acidity, coenzymes
29
Catabolic Reaction
Breaking down of substrate into molecules
30
Anabolic Reaction
Forming of product from molecules
31
Where Does Energy Come From
ATP
ATP ADP + Pi + Energy
CP --> Creatin + Pi
CP = Creatine Phosphate
32
Anaerobic Metabolism Processes
- ATP-CP
- Anaerobic Glycolysis
- Without oxygen produces lactic acid
33
Aerobic Metabolism Processes
- Aerobic Glycolysis
- Fat Metabolism
- Protein Metabolism
- With oxygen
34
Aerobic Metabolism
- Oxygen required
- Generates ENERGY, O2, WATER
- Used at rest or lower intensity activities (walking, distance running)
- Mostly involves CARBS and FATS
35
Anaerobic Metabolism
- No oxygen required
- Generates ENERGY, CO2, LACTIC ACID
- Used for high intensity, short duration (sprinting, weight lifting)
- Only involves CARBS
36
ATP
- Most important energy molecule
- Product of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
- Adenine, Ribose, 3 Phosphates
37
ATP-CP System
- Increases in activity of creatine kinase
- Faster regeneration of ATP
- Increased performance of short-duration, high power activities (anaerobic)
- Produces enough energy for 3-5 seconds
38
Anaerobic Glycolysis
- C6H12O6 --> Lactic acid + Energy
| - Since no oxygen lactic acid is produced and doesn't go into Krebs Cycle
39
Phosphofructokinase
Rate limiting enzyme for anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis
40
Place Glycolysis Occurs?
Cytoplasm of muscle cell
41
Place Krebs Cycle Occurs?
Mitochondria
| - Krebs Cycle is only aerobic glycolysis
42
Oxidation
Removal of hydrogen ions form substrates
43
Reduction
Ions and electrons are to be carried to mitochondria for energy production
- NAD and FAD in mitochondria
44
NAD and FAD
- NAD produces 3 ATP
| - FAD produces 2 ATP
45
Glycolysis
- Takes place in cytoplasm
- Aerobic Glycolysis produces 36 ATP (including Krebs Cycle)
- Anaerobic Glycolysis produces 2-3 ATP
46
Increasing Intramuscular Glycogen
- Endurance training increases IM Glycogen
| - Weights and Sprints do not
47
Krebs Cycle
- Oxidizes substrates and produces ATP
- CARBS, FAT, PROTEIN can enter
- Acetyl-CoA is main substrate
- Hydrogen and Electrons are transported to Electron Transport Chan by NADH and FADH
48
Electron Transport Chain
- Produces a majority of ATP
| - Oxidative Phosphorylation
49
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Production of ATP by Electron Transport Chain
