Energy Sources

Question 0

Energy released in respiration is used to form…

Answer 0

ATP

Question 1

Respiration =

Answer 1

Molecules (usually glucose) are broken down to release energy

Question 2

ATP=

Answer 2

3 phosphate groups

Question 3

In cellular respiration, energy released (from glucose) is added to ADP to add another phosphate group to form…

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

ATP stands for:

Answer 4

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 5

When a phosphate group splits off the ATP molecule energy is released - can be used for:

Answer 5

Active transport
Muscle contraction
Other energy-requiring activities in the body

Question 6

Energy from repairing a molecule like glucose is converted into ATP for several reasons. ATP=

Answer 6

Relatively small & simple molecule
Can diffuse easily where it is needed (e.g. For muscle fibres)
Delivers energy in small, convenient amounts

Question 7

Glucose is the normal source of energy and comes from…

Answer 7

Carbohydrates in our food

Question 8

Carbohydrate = monomer and is digested to…

Answer 8

Glucose so that they can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 9

Much of this glucose is then stored as the polysaccharide…

Answer 9

Glycogen in the liver & muscle cells

Question 10

When the glucose in our blood is used for cellular respiration, glycogen is broken down to release…

Answer 10

More glucose to be used for respiration

Question 11

Triglycerides can also be used as an energy source and most are stored in…

Answer 11

Adipose tissue

Question 12

Triglycerides cannot be broken down as quickly as glycogen (not good for short-term exercise) it are useful for…

Answer 12

Long-term exercise

Question 13

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and glucose and triglycerides are respired aerobically, they can be…

Answer 13

Broken down completely to CO2 and Water and as much energy as possible is released from them

Question 14

The maximal yield of ATP is obtained from…

Answer 14

Aerobic respiration

Question 15

Anaerobic respiration occurs when…

Answer 15

Oxygen is unavailable

Question 16

When a glucose molecule respires anaerobically it is not broken down completely so…

Answer 16

Lactate is produced

Question 17

Lactate is acidic and…

Answer 17

Lowers the pH

Question 18

Lactate builds up in muscles and causes…

Answer 18

Painful muscle fatigue if it reaches high levels

Question 19

Lactate builds up and diffuses into…

Answer 19

Blood

Question 20

After exercise most lactate is oxidised to…

Answer 20

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 21

Oxidising lactate requires additional oxygen called…

Answer 21

Oxygen debt

Question 22

Smaller amounts of lactate converted into…

Answer 22

Glycogen

Question 23

Small amounts of lactate converted into:

Answer 23

Glucose and protein

Question 24

Trace amounts of lactate excreted:

Answer 24

in urine and sweat

Question 25

Haemoglobin is protein inside...

Answer 25

Red Blood Cells

Question 26

Haemoglobin is a...

Answer 26

Large globular protein Made up of 4 sub-units Quaternary structure

Question 27

Haemoglobin each protein chain has a...

Answer 27

Non-protein haem group attached to it

Question 28

Non-protein haem group contains an iron ion which can combine with a...

Answer 28

Single oxygen molecule

Question 29

Haemoglobin molecule can carry...

Answer 29

4 oxygen molecules altogether

Question 30

When haemoglobin joins with oxygen it becomes...

Answer 30

Oxyhaemoglobin

Question 31

Oxygen concentration in air decreases at higher altitudes- this means people moving to a higher altitude have to ...

Answer 31

Breathe in and out more often to take in enough oxygen to combine with haemoglobin in RBCs

Question 32

People who live at higher altitudes have a ...

Answer 32

Higher concentration of RBCs

Question 33

More RBCs= more haemoglobin to carry oxygen so blood can...

Answer 33

Physically carry more oxygen and supply more oxygen to the muscles