Energy Systems

Question 1

What is glucose stored as?

Answer 1

Glycogen

Question 2

What is hydrolysis

Answer 2

The chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction with water

Question 3

How many molecules of ATP come from 1 molecule of glucose? (best case when oxygen is present)

Answer 3

38

Question 4

What are the 3 stages of converting glucose into ATP?

Answer 4

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain

Question 5

You have to spend 2 ATP to make glycolysis happen , but what is the ATP profit?

Answer 5

Makes 4 ATP, so 2 ATP profit

Question 6

If oxygen not present during glycolysis, what product is produced?

Answer 6

Lactic acid

Question 7

Which 2 stages of ATP production only occur aerobically?

Answer 7

Krebs and Electron Transport Chain

Question 8

Within which cell does the Krebs cycle occur?

Answer 8

Mitochondria

Question 9

What is the purpose of the 2 pyruvates created from glycolysis in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 9

They create 2 molecules of NADH

Question 10

What is the other name for the Krebs cycle?

Answer 10

Citric acid cycle

Question 11

What happens ultimately to the CO2 by-product form the Krebs cycle?

Answer 11

It is exhaled

Question 12

Which Vitamin is crucial to the Krebs cycle?

Answer 12

Vitamin B

Question 13

How many ATP produced from Krebs cycle?

Answer 13

2 ATP

Question 14

All the electrons / protons (NADHs / FADHs) made in the Krebs cycle power which next stage?

Answer 14

Electron Transport Chain

Question 15

The pumping process forces what out of the mitochondria’s inner membrane?

Answer 15

Hydrogen protons

Question 16

How many ATP made in the electron transport chain?

Answer 16

34

Question 17

Define ‘synthesis’

Answer 17

The formation of a chemical compound through the combination of simpler compounds

Question 18

Describe Type I muscle fibers

Answer 18

Slow twitch, best at using O2 to generate ATP - endurance

Question 19

Describe Type II muscle fibers

Answer 19

Fast twitch, best at using anaerobic metabolism to create ATP - fire quickly, fatigue easily

Question 20

Describe Type IIa muscle fibers

Answer 20

intermediate fast-twitch fibers using aerobic and anaerobic almost equally

Question 21

Describe Type IIb or Type IIx muscle fibers

Answer 21

super fast twitch, anaerobic metabolism, fatigues quickly

Question 22

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 22

adenosine triphosphate

Question 23

What is ATP made up of?

Answer 23

3 x phosphate groups
1 x adenine (nitrogenous base)
1 x ribose (sugar)

Question 24

What happens when ATP gets rid of 1 phosphate group?

Answer 24

Energy is released and ADP is formed (adenosine diphosphate). A hydroxide (OH group) takes the place of the phosphate group

Question 25

What can one molecule of glucose yield through cellular respiration?

Answer 25

A small amount of hear and 38 molecules of ATP

Question 26

Where does Gylycolysis occur?

Answer 26

In the cytoplasm

Question 27

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

Answer 27

across the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 28

What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 28

To create NADH and FADH2

Question 29

What is the product of glycolysis?

Answer 29

Carbon rich pyruvates

Question 30

In the electron transport chain, what does the proton flow cause?

Answer 30

Energy created from the proton flow results in ADP and phosphates joining together to form ATP