Energy Systems Flashcards
(39 cards)
basics
ATP – Adenosine tri phosphate
Food we eat is turned into ATP
To release the energy one of the phosphate
molecules is broken off.
This then turns it into ADP – di phosphate
release of energy
when phosphate molecule is broken off, energy is released. when ATP is broken it turns into ADP
ATP-pase (enzyme) breaks this down
ATP
body can only hold a small amount as it is heavy but uses oxygen to re-synthesise it once used - needs food to do this
types of energy systems
-Glycogen stores – 0-3 seconds
-The ATP-PC system – 3-10 seconds
-The lactate system 10 seconds -1 minute (anaerobic glycolysis)
-The Aerobic energy system – 1 minute plus (through krebs and ETC)
- beta oxidisation - 20mins + (fats)
glycogen + ATP stores - 0-3 secs
- These are the stores of energy that your food has been converted into glycogen and some ATP that are kept all the time in your muscles in-case we need to move quickly!
- There’s not much so doesn’t last long.
- If you use this ATP there will be none left to break down with o2 in aerobic respiration which is why you can sprint 50m then suddenly tart running a medium pace
ATP-PC system - 3-10 secs
- stored in your muscles so once its gone its gone.
- phospho-creatine = PC
- Phospho-creatine is another source of energy which along with ATP lasts
10 seconds - PC is broken down by creatine Kinase – which releases the energy
ATP-PC recovery
body will start to re-synthesis ATP + get more stores of PC - if you have it you can use it
takes 2-3 minutes to recovery your stores
anaerobic glycolysis
breakdown of glycogen without oxygen = last approx. 1 min
creates pyruvic acid
If working aerobically we use pyruvic acid to work the Krebs cycle to produce more energy
If not working aerobically pyruvate turns into lactic acid which causes fatigue and stitches. Hence it only lasting 1 minute.
aerobic systems
- When you work over 1 minute and use oxygen to resynthesise (rebuild) ATP
- ATP > used > ADP > oxygen resynthesises > ATP to use again.
aerobic system makes 36ATP per glycogen mol.
ATP made in each section
- anaerobic glycolysis = 2 ATP
- krebs cycle =2 ATP
- electron transport chain = 34ATP
= 38 ATP re-synthesised
Krebs cycle
- Acetyl coenzyme A is taken from glycolysis and used in for the KREBS
cycle. - This turns into CO2 and hydrogen ions
- 2 ATP are created
- The hydrogen ions are taken to the ETC
electron transport chain
- Uses The H ions taken from KREBS
- Chemical reactions occur
- It resynthesises ADP to ATP
- It creates excess water
pros + cons of ATP-PC
+ Immediate energy
+ Doesn’t require o2
+ Allows for high intensity
+ No waste products
+ Can recover some of the way quickly
- Takes a long time to fully recover
- Limited stores
- Tires quickly
pros + cons of anaerobic glycolysis
+ Immediate energy
+ Doesn’t require o2
+ Allows for high intensity
- Takes a long time to fully recover
- Limited stores
- Tires quickly
- Produces lactate
pros + cons of aerobic energy system
+ Recovers way more ATP per glycogen
+ Tires slowly
+ Uses negative bi products of other
systems
- takes time to kick in
muscle fibres + energy systems
slow twitch;
- ATP produced through aerobic respiration
- More efficient ATP re-synthesis.
- ATP production slow but extensive
fast twitch;
-ATP through anaerobic respiration
- ATP ready quickly
- ATP production rapid but fatigues
energy continuum
- shows how we transition from one energy system to the next during exercise
- shows how we will me using more that one energy system at once
1. ATP = immediate
2. lactic/glycolytic/anaerobic = short-term
3. oxidative/aerobic = long-term
energy + oxygen
- def = the amount of o2 we use to create our ATP.
- can be measured using a Douglas bag in lab by collecting air breathed out - whatever below 21% is how much we use
- at rest drops to 16.4% - during exercise it increases
- rest = 0.4L O2 per min
- exercise = 3-6L O2 per min = VO2 max
- VO2 max = max rate at which heart, lungs + muscles can effectively use O2.
- fitter = increased VO2 max
O2 deficit
When we exercise it takes time for aerobic system to kick in (o2 to reach muscles / HR to increase etc).
= body works anaerobically at the start of exercise to provide the energy to move.
- then owe extra oxygen to the system
so it can recover later = oxygen deficit
- The harder you work the bigger your o2 deficit
- If working at a low pace = sub maximal O2 debt
- if working your hardest = maximal oxygen deficit
EPOC (excess post oxygen consumption)
def = amount of O2 consumed during recovery on top of normal amount.
- to repay O2 def we use EPOC.
- which is the process of breathing in extra oxygen after exercise
- done using fast + slow component of EPOC
fast component of EPOC
- Immediately after exercise
- why you heavy breath
Its function =
1. Replenishes ATP (50% in 30 seconds)
2. Replenishes PC stores – 3 minutes
3. Cool your body
4. Breath in additional o2 to get rid of deficit
5. Replenish the o2 stores in myoglobin borrowed (2 mins = 0.5 litres stored
again)
slow components
- begins within first few mins after exercise
- BR + HR still slightly increased = need to process extra o2.
Function = Removes lactic acid by;
1.lactic acid built up can be oxidised with extra o2 which turns it back into
pyruvate = extra energy
2. takes back to the liver - turns it into glucose (energy) - known as the cori
cycle.
3. some converted into protein.
4. Some we wee out. - Most of this occurs in the mitochondria.
varying O2 debt + EPOC graph
- shows the harder you exercise the greater o2 deficit will be so the greater epoc will be to aid recovery.
- because you will have;
1. used more o2 from myoglobin stores, 2. ATP and PC supplies
3. created more lactic acid to get rid of
importance of cooling down
lowers pulse
keeps blood pumping slowly helping to pump o2 over lactate helping to remove it
takes 5-6 litres to do so = why we breath heavy for so long
