Energy Systems

Question 1

What is Chemical Energy?

Answer 1

Energy stored within the bonds of chemical compounds

Question 2

What is Potential energy?

Answer 2

‘Stored’ energy which is ready to be used when required

Question 3

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 3

Energy in the form of muscle contraction/ joint movement

Question 4

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 4

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 5

What enzyme is ATP broken down by?

Answer 5

ATPase

Question 6

Define the term ‘Energy’

Answer 6

The ability to perform work or put mass into motion

Question 7

Define the term ‘Work’

Answer 7

When force is applied to a body to move it over a certain distance (force x distance moved)

Question 8

Define the term ‘Power’

Answer 8

The rate at which work can be done (work / time)

Question 9

What unit is energy measure in?

Answer 9

Joules or Calories

Question 10

What is the unit of measurement for work?

Answer 10

Joules

Question 11

what is the unit of measurement for Power?

Answer 11

Watts

Question 12

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 12

A chemical reaction that requires energy to be added for it to progress

Question 13

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 13

A chemical reaction that releases energy as it progresses

Question 14

What is meant by the term ‘Coupled reaction’?

Answer 14

When the products from one reaction, such as energy, are then used in another reaction

Question 15

Identify the 3 ways ATP can be resynthesised

Answer 15

ATP/PC system, Lactic Acid system, Aerobic System

Question 16

What is the only usable source of energy for muscles to work?

Answer 16

ATP

Question 17

How long can your stores of ATP in your muscles last for before they need to be replenished?

Answer 17

2-3 seconds

Question 18

Which 2 energy systems are Anaerobic?

Answer 18

ATP/PC and Lactic acid

Question 19

Which system requires oxygen to work?

Answer 19

Aerobic system

Question 20

Where in the muscle does the ATP/PC system work?

Answer 20

Sacroplasm

Question 21

What is PC broken down by?

Answer 21

Creatine Kinase

Question 22

What type of reaction is the breakdown of PC?

Answer 22

Exothermic

Question 23

How many ATP can be resynthesized by breaking down 1 PC molecule?

Answer 23

1 ATP per PC

Question 24

How long can the PC stores be used to replenish ATP?

Answer 24

3-10 seconds

Question 25

What does Yield mean?

Answer 25

How many ATP are produced

Question 26

What does 'threshold' mean?

Answer 26

How long the system can be used to replenish ATP for

Question 27

How long does it take to replenish PC stores after exercise?

Answer 27

50% in 30 seconds, 98% in about 3 - 5 minutes

Question 28

What is the fuel for the ATP/PC system?

Answer 28

Phosphocreatine (PC)

Question 29

What is the fuel for the Lactic Acid System?

Answer 29

Glucose / Glycogen

Question 30

What is the first stage of the lactic acid system?

Answer 30

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 31

Which enzyme breaks down glucose?

Answer 31

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Question 32

How many ATP are produced in glycolysis?

Answer 32

2

Question 33

What is the yield for the Lactic Acid System?

Answer 33

2 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 34

Which enzyme turns pyruvic acid into lactic acid if oxygen isn't present?

Answer 34

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

Question 35

What is the threshold for the lactic acid system?

Answer 35

2-3 minutes

Question 36

What does OBLA stand for?

Answer 36

Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation

Question 37

What term is given to the breakdown of Glycogen to Glucose?

Answer 37

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Question 38

What is the yield for the Aerobic system?

Answer 38

38 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 39

What is the energy yield for the Krebs cycle

Answer 39

2 ATP

Question 40

What is the energy yield for the Electron Transport Chain

Answer 40

34 ATP

Question 41

What is the site of reaction for the Krebs cycle?

Answer 41

Matrix of the Mitochondria

Question 42

What is the site of reaction for the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 42

Cristae of the Mitochondria

Question 43

What are the 2 coenzymes involved in the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 43

NAD and FAD

Question 44

What are the byproducts of the Aerobic energy system?

Answer 44

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 45

Which energy system is predominantly used by a 100m sprinter?

Answer 45

ATP/PC

Question 46

Which energy system is predominantly used by an 800m sprinter

Answer 46

Lactic acid

Question 47

Which energy system is predominantly used by a marathon runner?

Answer 47

Aerobic system

Question 48

Nae the 2 stages of the recovery process

Answer 48

Alactacid (rapid recovery) and Lactacid (slow recovery stage)

Question 49

What does EPOC stand for?

Answer 49

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Question 50

What is replenished in the Alactacid stage of recovery?

Answer 50

Muscle stores of ATP and PC and of oxygen levels in myoglobin and haemoglobin

Question 51

How many litres of oxygen is required for the Alactacid stage of recovery?

Answer 51

3-4 litres

Question 52

How long does the Alactacid stage of recovery take?

Answer 52

About 3 minutes to fully restore ATP/PC levels | 50% are replenished in about 30 seconds

Question 53

In which stage of recovery is lactic acid removed?

Answer 53

Lactacid

Question 54

How can lactic acid be removed?

Answer 54

1) converted to pyruvic acid then enters the krebs cycle to be used as a metabolic fuel 2) converted to glycogen/glucose 3) converted to protein

Question 55

How many litres of oxygen does the Lactacid stage of recovery require?

Answer 55

5-8 litres

Question 56

How long does the Lactacid stage of recovery take?

Answer 56

1 - 24 hours depending on the intensity and amount of lactic acid to be removed

Question 57

How is carbon dioxide removed in the recovery process?

Answer 57

1) it combines with blood plasma (water) as carbonic acid (H2CO3) 2) it combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin (HbCO2) where it;s carried to the lungs and expired

Question 58

During which stage of the recovery process are muscle and liver glycogen stores replenished?

Answer 58

Lactacid stage