Energy systems and interplay

Question 1

Anaerobic is without

Answer 1

Oxygen

Question 2

Aerobic is

Answer 2

with oxygen

Question 3

ATP stands for ….

Answer 3

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 4

What is ATP composed of

Answer 4

composed of Adenosine and a chain of 3 inorganic phosphate groups

Question 5

ADP stands for

Answer 5

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 6

What is ADP

Answer 6

a by-product that results when ATP breaks down and loses one of its phosphate groups, which are located at the end of the molecule

Question 7

When ATP is broken down it makes…

Answer 7

ATP ↔ ADP + Pi + Energy

Question 8

Resynthesis occurs to

Answer 8

replenish ATP

Question 9

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 9

when ATP resynthesis occurs via energy pathways that require the presence of oxygen

Question 10

anaerobic metabolism

Answer 10

when ATP resynthesis occurs via energy pathways that do not require the presence of oxygen

Question 11

3 energy sources used in resynthesis of ATP is ….

Answer 11

Phosphocreatine, glycogen and fats

Question 12

What is Creatine phosphate (CP)

Answer 12

chemical compound found in muscle cells that can store and releasing energy that can be used to resynthesise ATP from ADP and Pi

Question 13

Creatine is a …

Answer 13

an organic substance that occurs naturally in humans and helps to supply energy to muscle

Question 14

Glycogen is stored in ….

Answer 14

the muscles and the liver

Question 15

Glycogen is also known as

Answer 15

Fat

Question 16

Where is ATP stored

Answer 16

muscles

Question 17

Where is protein stored

Answer 17

muscles

Question 18

What does the ATP-Cp energy system do

Answer 18

provides energy for the resynthesis through the breakdown of creatine phosphate

Question 19

Is the ATP-CP system aerobic or anerobic ?

Answer 19

Anerobic (no oxygen)

Question 20

What does the anaerobic glycolysis energy system do ?

Answer 20

provides energy for the resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of glycogen through a series of chemical steps that do not require oxygen

Question 21

What do the Aerobic energy system do?

Answer 21

provides energy from the breakdown of carbohydrates and/or fats in the presence of oxygen

Question 22

The ATP-CP energy system breaks down…

Answer 22

Creatine phosphate

Question 23

The Anaerobic glycolysis energy system breaks down …

Answer 23

Glycogen

Question 24

The Aerobic energy system breaks down …

Answer 24

-Carbohydrates and/ or fats
-protein as a last resort

Question 25

What does the interplay of energy systems mean?

Answer 25

the energy systems simultaneously working together, but at different rates, to supply the ATP required for an activity

Question 26

ATP demand refers to ...

Answer 26

how much ATP is required during an activity and the rate at which it is expended and, therefore, needs to be resynthesized

Question 27

Two factors determine the ATP demand of an activity are ?

Answer 27

1. exercise duration — how long the activity lasts for 2. exercise intensity — how hard the exercise is performed (often measured using heart rate per minute).

Question 28

Rate refers to ...

Answer 28

refers to how quickly ATP is resynthesised

Question 29

Yield is the ...

Answer 29

the total amount of ATP that is resynthesized during the course of the exercise

Question 30

Advantages and disadvantages of the aerobic system for energy?

Answer 30

Advantages: -high yield of energy for ATP resynthesis available from this system -able to utilise a variety of food fuels including carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Disadvantages -slowest rate of energy supply of all three energy systems.

Question 31

The Aerobic energy systems rate and yield is?

Answer 31

Rate- slowest rate of all the systems Yield- Highest of all the systems 38-39 ATP per molecule of fuel

Question 32

BY- products of the Aerobic system

Answer 32

H2o and Co2

Question 33

The aerobic system is the major contributor to energy production during ...

Answer 33

rest and sub-maximal intensity activities

Question 34

Why are carbohydrates a preferred fuel source during exercise?

Answer 34

-they can be metabolised aerobically or anaerobically -they produce energy at a faster rate than fat -the complete oxidation of carbohydrates requires less oxygen than the complete oxidation of fat -carbohydrate stores are more readily accessible than fat stores

Question 35

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 35

Serve as the power generators of the cell, converting nutrients into ATP in the presence of oxygen (aerobically)

Question 36

Fuel source of the ATP-PC system is ....

Answer 36

Creatine phosphate

Question 37

ATP-CP is used in what intensity?

Answer 37

95% of HR or explosive movements

Question 38

What is the duration of the ATP-CP system?

Answer 38

Short, 1-10 seconds

Question 39

Yield of the ATP-CP system is ...

Answer 39

0.7 per molecule

Question 40

BY- products of the ATP-CP system

Answer 40

Creatine and inorganic phosphates

Question 41

What is the difference between glucose and glycogen?

Answer 41

Glycogen is the stored form (in muscles and liver) of glucose whereas glucose is the transport form meaning it is the fuel source

Question 42

CHO stands for

Answer 42

Carbohydrates

Question 43

Anaerobic and aerobic metabolism is also known as

Answer 43

replenishing ATP

Question 44

When does the Anerobic glycolysis system take over from the ATP-CP system?

Answer 44

When the activity is longer than 10 seconds

Question 45

What system has the quickest t rate of ATP production ?

Answer 45

ATP-CP system

Question 46

At what intensity is the anaerobic glycolysis system used ?

Answer 46

85% of HR or explosive movements

Question 47

Duration of anaerobic glycolysis system is ?

Answer 47

10-70 seconds

Question 48

The anaerobic glycolysis system rate of ATP productions is slow or fast ?

Answer 48

Fast

Question 49

The yield of the anaerobic glycolysis system is ....

Answer 49

1-2 ATP per molecule