energy systems (SAC 3)

Question 1

intensity & duration ATP-PC

Answer 1

INTENSITY
- very high intensity

DURATION
- very short duration (1-10 seconds)

Question 2

intensity & duration anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 2

INTENSITY
- high intensity

DURATION
- short duration (10-60 seconds)

Question 3

intensity & duration aerobic (glycolysis)

Answer 3

INTENSITY
- low (submaximal) intensity

DURATION
- long duration (60+ seconds)
e.g longer duration efforts

Question 4

intensity & duration aerobic (lipolysis)

Answer 4

INTENSITY
- at rest

DURATION
- 60+ seconds

Question 5

rate & yield

Answer 5

rate - how quickly ATP is resynthesised (influences the intensity of the activity)

yield - amount of ATP that is resynthesised during exercise (influences the duration of the activity)

Question 6

ATP rate & yield ATP-PC

Answer 6

RATE
- explosive & instantaneous

YEILD
- extremely limited (very low)

Question 7

ATP rate & yield anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 7

RATE
- fast

YIELD
- small amounts (low)

Question 8

ATP rate & yield aerobic (glycolysis)

Answer 8

RATE
- medium

YIELD
- large amounts

Question 9

ATP rate & yield (lipolysis)

Answer 9

RATE
- slow

YIELD
- very large amounts

Question 10

fuel source ATP-PC

Answer 10

• creatine phosphate

Question 11

fuel source anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 11

• glycogen
• glucose

Question 12

fuel source aerobic

Answer 12

GLYCOLYSIS
- glycogen & glucose

LIPOLYSIS
- triglycerides & free fatty acids

Question 13

recovery ATP-PC

Answer 13

PASSIVE RECOVERY
(sitting down, not moving, covering legs with blanket)
- helps restore PC faster (98% PC replenishment in 3 minutes)

Question 14

recovery anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 14

ACTIVE RECOVERY
(e. g walking, stretching, swimming)
- helps metabolise/oxidise metabolic by-products (hydrogen ions)
- helps remove lactic acid build up

Question 15

recovery aerobic

Answer 15

• active recovery
• massage/hydro

HIGH GI FOODS
(e.g gatorade/lollies)
- consume within 30 mins post activity
(muscles during this time are vasodilated and receptive to high Gi foods due to glycogen depletion)

Question 16

fatigue mechanisms ATP-PC

Answer 16

• fuel depletion (creatine phosphate)
• due to the depletion therefore we will get greater contribution from the anaerobic glycolysis system which produced energy at a slower rate
• therefore this will lead to a decreased intensity

Question 17

fatigue mechanisms anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 17

• accumulation of metabolic byproducts
• this leads to increased muscle acidity, which decreases enzyme activity and the ability to produce/resynthesise ATP is decreased and therefore energy production is decreased ATP is decreased
• therefore this will lead to a decreased intensity

Question 18

fatigue mechanisms aerobic (THERMOREGULATION)

Answer 18

• increases blood flow to the skin to cool down, which therefore decrease the amount of blood to the active muscles, this increases the presence of hydrogen ions
• therefore this will lead to a decreased intensity

Question 19

fatigue mechanisms aerobic
FUEL DEPLETION (GLYCOGEN)

Answer 19

• when depleted we have to use fats for energy which are utilised at a slower rate
• therefore this will lead to a decreased intensity

TO DECREASE FATIGUE
- consistent high GI ingestion in game, increases glycogen sparing, so glucose is utilised instead of glycogen (decreased fatigue)

Question 20

lactate inflection point (LIP)

Answer 20

• lactate inflection point is when lactate production exceeds lactate removal/metabolism
• above 80% max HR we are most likely working above LIP
• exercise intensities beyond the LIP are associated with a more rapid onset of fatigue
• hydrogen ions accumulate beyond LIP

Question 21

VO2 max and LIP

Answer 21

• the maximum amount of oxygen that the body can uptake, distribute and utilise per minute
• LIP is closely linked to VO2 max, the greater your VO2 max the higher your LIP
• (elite aerobic athletes have higher LIP)
• (higher LIP = able to work at an higher intensity for longer)

Question 22

ATP-PC & sporting examples

Answer 22

• provides energy for resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of creatine phosphate without O2

SPORTING EXAMPLES:
- jump, kick, hit
- 100m sprint
- weight-lifting
-discus

Question 23

anaerobic glycolysis & sporting examples

Answer 23

• provides energy for resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of glycogen through a series of chemical steps without O2

SPORTING EXAMPLES:
- repeat sprint efforts
- efforts/tackling
- 400m run

Question 24

aerobic system & sporting examples

Answer 24

• provides energy for the resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of various fuel (glycogen & triglycerides) through a series of chemical steps which require O2

SPORTING EXAMPLES:
- marathon running
- tour de france (bike riding)

Question 25

energy system interplay

Answer 25

- all energy systems contribute to ATP resynthesis at all time - the level just increases or decreases based off the intensity/duration of the activity - system contributing the most = major contributor

Question 26

how to answer energy system interplay question

Answer 26

1. state that all the energy system work together to resynthesise ATP 2. link ATP-PC energy system to event, I.D, rate, yield and game example (e.g jumping) 3. link anaerobic glycolysis energy system to event, I.D, rate, yield and game example (e.g repeat sprint efforts) 4. link aerobic energy system to event, I.D, rate, yield and game example (longer duration = aerobic major contributor) 5. In activity recovery - link aerobic energy system working during periods of rest playing a part in PC replenishment or H+ ion metabolism 6. data reference or specific game reference (with numbers)

Question 27

oxygen deficit

Answer 27

- anaerobic & ATP-PC (high intensities or before enough oxygen has reached the muscles

Question 28

ATP & PC difference

Answer 28

ATP = provides energy for muscular contraction PC = is a fuel that is broken down in order to resynthesis ATP

Question 29

CP restoration during game breaks

Answer 29

- breaks allow for CP restoration through the aerobic energy system

Question 30

EPOC duration

Answer 30

- higher intensity & duration = longer EPOC - use active recovery with EPOC which will extend EPOC and allow oxidation of hydrogen ions and refuelling - also eating high GI foods during EPOC for glycogen resynthesis (within first 30 mins after)