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Engine Company Operations Flashcards

(122 cards)

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1
Q

When should members begin preparation for engine company responses?

A

Members should begin preparation for Engine Company responses as they enter quarters

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2
Q

What responsibilities might be assigned during the rollcall or shift lineup?

A

At a minimum, the nozzle firefighter and back up firefighter positions shall be assigned.
Additional duties may include radio assignments, meter bump testing, expectations and safety considerations on highway incidents

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3
Q

What type of information should be reviewed from the pass on book at shift lineup in regards to Engine operations?

A

Out of service hydrants or mains, inoperable standpipe or sprinkler systems, and equipment deficiencies or changes on the apparatus.

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4
Q

When should all tools in appliances on the engine company be inspected?

A

Immediately following shift lineup, members assigned to the engine company should inspect and examine all tools and appliances associated with the apparatus

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5
Q

What should the engine company driver remain proficient in regarding the first do response area?

A

Roots of travel, unit blocks, specific building addresses, and they’re associated fire department connection locations and hydrants

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6
Q

During the pre-planning process, what 3 apparatus should be considered for positioning?

A

The first two engine companies and the first truck.

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7
Q

Where should information such as preplanned hose line stretch lengths be noted?

A

Preplanned information should be noted in the book, first do app, and disseminated to neighboring companies as well.

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8
Q

When might a well hole stretch be considered in a stairwell? How is it measured?

A

A well hole stretch between the handrails in a stairwell may be considered if a firefighters fist does not touch either hand rail.

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9
Q

During an emergency situation, how does the brain recall information?

A

The brain reverts to knowledge, previous experiences, and training to make decisions during an emergency situation

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10
Q

What is the classical decision making method?

A

A step by step, logical sequence that the decision maker uses to reach the best decision. This process includes analyzing the situation, identifying the problem, developing solutions, weighing advantages/disadvantages and choosing the best option.

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11
Q

What is the naturalistic decision making method

A

Aka- Recognition Primed Decision Making (RPDM)

An intuitive reaction to the problem. Decision maker recognizes sights, sounds, smells and other sensory clues that trigger the memory of similar situations. Actions are chosen quickly based on previous actions that were successful.

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12
Q

What is the only way to develop muscle memory and learned experience (RPDM) for basic skill sets?

A

Through Repetition 

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13
Q

In order to plan and facilitate training, fire service training falls into three categories:

A

Self study.
Company training.
Multiunit training.

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14
Q

How often should company training be conducted?

A

On a daily basis in an informal setting

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15
Q

How often should multi unit training be conducted?

A

On an annual basis and should include neighboring companies and mutual aid companies.
The purpose is to practice and coordinate general strategies and specific tactics for structure fires.

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16
Q

What is the most important part of pre-incident planning for firefighters an officers?

A

The most important part of pre-incident planning is to learn about buildings that could cause problems or injury to civilians or firefighters

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17
Q

How often should companies attempt to conduct a building walk-through?

A

At least once a tour

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18
Q

What should be included in a general pre-incident template

A

Occupancy name in address.
Occupancy type.
Construction type. (Usage)
Combustibility of contents.
Accessibility. (Doors, Knox, stairs)
Fire hydrants.
Fire protection systems.
Fire alarm systems.
Utility shut off locations.
Building specifics.

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19
Q

When pre incident preplanning, what should building specific information should include?

A

Building specifics should include: number of floors.
Roof access stairways.
Potential Target hazards.
Fire fighter safety hazards.
Civilian safety hazards.
Unique problems encountered.

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20
Q

What are the five building construction types?

A

Type I- Fire Resistive
Type II- Non combustible
Type III- Ordinary
Type IV- Heavy timber
Type V- Wood frame ( lightweight wood truss)

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21
Q

When responding to alarms, what are the first due engine companies responsibilities?

A

-Proceed ahead of the truck or rescue. -Lay primary supply line.
-Deliver on scene report.
-Perform a 360.
-Communicate results of 360 lap and make command statement.
-Force entry, if without a special service and control entry door.
Advance the initial attack hose line and extinguish fire.
Perform search and coordinated ventilation if needed.

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22
Q

When responding to alarms, what are the second due engine companies responsibilities?

A

-Ensure the primary water supply is established.
-Assume command of the incident if assigned.
-Ensure a successful deployment/advancement of initial attack line. -Deploy a second hose line.

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23
Q

When responding to an alarm, what is the third due engine companies responsibilities?

A

-Position on the opposite side of the end of all structure from the first two engine company.
-Lay the secondary supply line. -Performed a visual inspection of side Charlie and report findings to command. -Deploy a third hose line.

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24
Q

When responding to an alarm, what are the fourth due engine company responsibilities?

A

-Ensure the secondary water is established.
-Assume the role of the rapid intervention team.
-Take proactive measures to increase the safety of members operating inside the IDLH such as placing ladders, forcing doors, cutting security bars off windows ,while maintaining readiness if a RIT activation occurs.

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25
When responding to fire alarms, what should the engine company personal bring if the building is standpipe equipped?
The responding personnel should bring their respective high rise packs while investigating. The engine operator should identify a water supply and prepare to lay out if needed
26
When responding to fire alarms, what should personal obtain prior to entering the structure, if present?
Personnel should obtain Knox box keys prior to entering the structure, as they may be needed to obtain access to other areas of the structure. Personnel should locate fire control room and or annunciator panel and verify location type in number of alarms activated
27
When responding to a fire alarm, where should arriving truck or rescue company personnel report to?
Truck or rescue company personnel should travel to the reported fire floor or area of the alarm. They must notify the engine company of false alarm or exact location of fire.
28
When responding to fire alarms, if the Engine arrives without a special service, what shall the engine officer consider if the unit is staffed with four personnel?
The officer should consider leaving one fire fighter at the apparatus. If a fire is found, the officer can radio the remaining fire fighter and engine driver to initiate the deployment of the correct hose line.
29
How much faster do fires burn with rapidly increasing heat compared to fires just 20 years ago?
Today’s fires burn at a rate 10 X faster
30
What are the four components of the fire tetrahedron?
Oxygen. Heat. Fuel. Chain reaction.
31
What is a flash over?
The stage of a fire which all surfaces and objects have been heated to their ignition temperature and simultaneously ignite.
32
At what stage of a fire does a flashover occur?
Flashover occurs at the point between growth in fully developed stages
33
What is a Backdraft
An explosion that occurs when additional oxygen is introduced into a smoldering fire as heated gases enter their flammable range and ignite with explosive force
34
At what fire stage does a Backdraft occur?
Backdraft conditions typically exist during the decay stage after the fire has consumed all available oxygen
35
What is a roll over?
Rollover is observed when flames present in layers of smoke as a result of heated gases that are pushed under pressure from the Fire area into uninvolved areas
36
What is thermal layering?
Thermal layering is the tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature
37
What is stratification
Stratification is layering of smoke and gas clouds
38
What is pyrolysis?
As solid fuels are heated, combustible gases are driven from the substance – this process is called paralysis
39
What are the four fire growth stages?
The incipient stage. The growth stage. The fully developed stage. The decay stage.
40
What is the incipient stage of fire growth?
The incipient stage begins when heat, oxygen, and a fuel source combine and have a chemical reaction resulting in fire
41
What is the growth stage of a fire?
The growth stage occurs when the fire increases in size from small flames to full fire that involves the entire room. *During the growth stage, fire develops and rollover is often seen in an adjacent compartment. 
42
What is the fully developed stage of a fire?
During the fully developed stage, the entire room and contents are involved in fire. The fire will continue to burn until the available fuel in oxygen are consumed or extinguished
43
What is the decay stage of a fire?
The decay stage occurs once all available oxygen is consumed. Visible flames start to diminish, and the fire continues to smolder. * high heat remains and a backdraft can occurs if oxygen is introduced.
44
Modern materials, such as plastics synthetics, polyurethane in polyester have a high heat release rate. What is Heat Released Rate (HHR)?
Heat release rate is simply defined as the amount of energy released over time
45
During a structure fire, when should the needs for ventilation first be identified by the fire officer?
Ventilation needs should be identified when the fire officer completes their size up. This occurs as the 360 lap of the structure is conducted in the fires location is predicted, access points are identified, and the ventilation points are determined.
46
In a structure fire, what are considered ventilation openings?
Ventilation openings are air intakes and exhausted into in out of a structure that are created by an open window or door, by the fire, or by fire department personnel operating at the scene.
47
On most fire grounds, when is the first ventilation operation conducted?
The first ventilation operation conducted is performed by the initial company arriving on scene as they forced entry.
48
How should a properly conducted structural ventilation process be developed?
A properly conducted structural ventilation process typically consists of the engine officer and outside vent crew exchanging information about the size up, the engine companies hose stretch, and the ventilation openings that should improve conditions for the engine company advancing the hose line.
49
How is hydraulic ventilation performed?
Position the hose line 2 feet from the opening and set the nozzle to a fog that will cover 80% of the opening and flow the hose line out of the structure.
50
When reading smoke, smoke density and color together are indicators of:
Indicators of the flammability
51
When reading smoke, velocity and pressure are indicators of:
Heat and flow path
52
When reading smoke, volume is an indicator of:
Fire intensity
53
Smoke color is an indicator of what two things?
What is burning and flammability of the smoke
54
What does white or whit/grey smoke indicate?
Fire status =Indicates moisture or early stage incipient class a fire.  Smoke flammability = too lean to contribute to fuel load
55
What does grey smoke indicate?
Fire status = Early stage incipient/free burning fire with class A and class B fuel sources. Smoke flammability = Smoke possibly reaching the LEL level
56
What does gray/black or brown smoke indicate?
Fire status = Fully developed fire with class A and class B fuel sources that is most likely ventilation limited. Smoke flammability = smoke is in the flammable range in subject to burn if Heat is available. 
57
What does black/brown smoke indicate?
Fire status = Fully developed or decaying stage fire that is extremely ventilation limited Smoke flammability = Smoke is typically to Rich to burn
58
What two critical pieces of information do the speed or velocity of smoke provide on the fire ground?
The speed provides the general location of the heat source and the fires current flow path or air track.
59
When viewed from outside a building, slow moving smoke flow could mean:
The fire is distant or the compartment is still absorbing heat
60
When viewed from outside of a building, fast moving smoke flow could mean:
The fire is near or the compartment cannot absorb any more heat.
61
If smoke is moving, it is getting ______ from somewhere.
Air Smoke that is not moving is not getting any air, meaning the fire maybe lay dormant waiting for additional oxygen or burn out.
62
What does RECEO VS stand for?
Rescue. Exposure. Confinement. Extinguishment. Overhaul. Ventilation. Salvage.
63
Scene size up is provided on an ongoing basis and is included in:
Pre-incident. Pre-arrival. On scene report. 360 lap. Situation report. Interior size up. Ongoing size up.
64
What is included in a pre-incident size up?
Building layout, construction tape, hydrant locations, specific building features, locations of fire protection systems, occupancy type
65
What is included in a pre-arrival size up?
Occupancy tape, time of day, class of construction, weather conditions, water supply access
66
What is the purpose of the on-scene report?
The on scene report should paint an image of the building type in conditions upon arrival of other incoming units. It should include: position of first arriving apparatus, what is evident upon arrival, occupancy type, and exposure concerns
67
What is included in an interior size up?
Amount of fire, interior building layout, location of victims, hazards encountered, positions of hose lines, and prioritization of area of search
68
What is a CAN report
Conditions. Actions. Needs.
69
What should be determined during an occupant interview?
Fire location, occupant report, location of Utilities
70
When conducting a risk assessment, what five questions must be answered?
What is the life hazard? What are the fire conditions? What is the potential for victim survival or the victim survivability profile? What is the structural stability and potential for collapse? Do I have adequate resources to make a positive impact on the incident?
71
Per NFPA? What is the upper range of temperature tenability for humans?
212°
72
At how many parts per million of CO is the human body rendered unconscious within 4 to 12 seconds with death following shortly after?
200,000 ppm
73
At what percent oxygen level is the result in a rapid death?
An environmental oxygen percentage of 10% or less results in death rapidly
74
Regarding structural stability/collapse potential, what types of buildings present the highest risk to firefighters?
Large box stores in the commercial arena, large span trusses, and concentrated loads in lightweight body construction present the highest risk to firefighters
75
What is a Tactical withdraw
A tactical withdrawal is a coordinated and specific relocation of units and their equipment operating from an area deemed untenable to a specific area deemed safe to continue operations
76
What shall Engine companies do during an emergency evacuation?
During an emergency evacuation, engine companies that have evacuated and are outside of the IDLH should continue to staff handlines until all personnel have evacuated.
77
In regards to Fire ground strategy, what is a defensive mode?
The defensive attack is an effort of trying to prevent the area around the structure from being damaged. Defensive attacks are performed when it is decided that a building is not savable.
78
Regarding Fire attacks, what is true of transitional modes?
Transitional fire attacks occur during a change of strategy. A transition to defensive strategy is not always a permanent transition, with no plans to re-enter the structure or return to offensive activities
79
When is an emergency evacuation issued?
An emergency evacuation occurs when the incident commander recognizes a serious threat to firefighters and safe operation in a structure that is compromised.
80
During an emergency evacuation, what should personal do with ladders, hose lines, and tools unless otherwise ordered?
Unless otherwise ordered, ladders, hose lines, and tools shall remain in place in the crew move to a safe area. However, if a crew must travel through the fire floor to exit, they should bring the hose line.
81
What is a blitz attack?
A blitz attack is when the initial tack is defensive then transitions to offensive once the fire is knocks down by exterior streams, typically with large caliber stream. Engine companies should ensure their crews are prepared to go on air as soon as they receive orders to commence interior operations.
82
The blitz attack is a simple concept: hit the fire with as much water as possible to achieve knock down as quickly as possible. What is the easiest method for a blitz attack?
The easiest method is a fixed master stream, usually the engines deck gun. Another method may be a pre-connected monitor.
83
What is the goal of a blitz attack?
The goal is to slow the fire progression while completing water supply and positioning hand lines for interior operations
84
Due to the limited onboard water supply, what should a crew member prepare before the master stream device is charged?
A crewmember must ready the nozzle and attempt to have it aimed at the adject objective before it is charged. The pump operator must throttle the engine to the appropriate discharge pressure before charging the master stream to reduce the amount of wasted water
85
While performing a blitz attack, approximately how much time in seconds can a master stream expect to flow depending on nozzle and tank size?
60 to 90 seconds
86
What is the expansion of water to steam ratio at 212°?
1-1,700 @ 212°
87
What is the nozzle pressure of a fixed gallonage fog nozzle?
Akron assault equals 50 psi. Standard fog nozzle pressure is 100 psi.
88
What is the flow range for a selectable gallonage fog nozzle on a 1 3/4 hoseline?
90 GPM to 200 GPM for a 1 3/4” hose line
89
When advancing to the seat of a fire why should the fire fighter sweep the floor with the stream?
Before advancing, a sweep of the floor with the stream will cool embers and other hot material that could cause firefighter injury
90
What is an indirect fire attack and what is a concern regarding firefighters?
An indirect fire attack flows a fog pattern into a fire compartment. This converts water to steam and absorbs the heat in displaces oxygen. This method must not be used in areas were victims maybe located or firefighters are operating.
91
What is a combination fire attack and what must you consider in regards to firefighters?
A combination fire attack uses a narrow fog stream in a T, Z, or O shaped pattern. The fog in the higher atmosphere turns to steam in the fog at the floor level it’s burning material. This method must not be used in areas where victims may be located or firefighters are operating.
92
Interior crews must understand that a fire compartment reaching ______degrees Fahrenheit or more at the ceiling with thick banked down smoke may encounter what fire condition?
800° pre-flashover conditions are present
93
How much can “penciling” immediately decrease heat with a compartment?
Penciling will immediately decrease building heat by 50 to 60%
94
When using a quick attack monitor, what is true and practical testing regarding the reach at 500 or 1000 GPM’s?
In practical testing, the reach is similar at 500 or 1000 GPM.
95
When using a quick attack monitor using a smoothbore at ______psi or a straight stream fog nozzle at _______psi yours a reach of approximately _____feet.
Smooth bore at 80 psi. Straight stream fog nozzle at 100 psi. Approximate reach of 185 feet.
96
When using a quick attack monitor, using a medium fog pattern pumped at 100 psi the reach is approximately ____ feet
50 feet A mercury monitor using a medium fog pattern pumped at 100 psi will reach approximately 50 feet.
97
When using a quick attack monitor, a wide fog pattern will reach about _____ feet.
25 feet On a wire fog pattern, the Mercury monitor which is approximately 25 feet.
98
A UL study concluded that a water stream had no negative impacts on temperatures in adjacent compartments. What was determined in regards to a fog stream in the concept of pushing fire?
While the fog stream pushed steam along the flow path, there was no fire pushed
99
What are ways in which crews may communicate to maintain contact with one another?
Excepted practice has always been to be within sight, sound, or touch to maintain crew integrity.
100
What is the formula or method for estimating the stretch or length of a required hose lay into a structure?
Setback + width the building + length of building + 1/2 hose length (25 feet) per floor plus one length of hose at point of attack.
101
When estimating for a hose stretch, what is the typical parking lot spacing measured in feet?
Parking spaces in garden apartment and strip shop center parking lots are spaced approximately 10 feet apart
102
When estimating for a hose stretch, how far apart are telephone poles typically spaced?
Telephone poles are typically spaced approximately 75 feet apart
103
What is typically a sufficient GPM flow required for a residential structure fire?
A typical residential structure will require 150 to 175 GPM, making the 1 3/4 line sufficient.
104
What typically is the required hose line when an advanced fire is located in a strip shopping center?
A 2 1/2 inch line would be adequate giving the fire load and large open area
105
A helpful pneumonic for 2 1/2 inch line sections is ADULTS. What does ADULTS stand for?
Advanced fire conditions. Defensive operations. Unknown fire location. Large open area. Tons of water. Stand pipes. When these conditions or needs are present, consider a 2 1/2 inch line.
106
What must be done to all doors when stretching a dry hose line into a structure?
All doors must be chalked at a lower portion of the door in case personnel will have to retreat due to advancing fire conditions
107
How much hose should be brought into a hallway or landing if space permits?
If possible the nozzle fire fighter should bring two lengths of hose to the fire floor, if the hallways or landings permit
108
How is a Alley stretch performed?
The nozzle firefighter stops at the front door. The back up firefighter locates a coupling from the shouldered load of the nozzle fire fighter and walks backwards.
109
What is the correct body position when advancing into a structure fire?
The correct body position is heads up, with the leading Legg out in front of the firefighters body to identify obstacles impossible holes in the floor
110
What is the formula to determine nozzle pressure for a smoothbore nozzle?
Smooth bore = 1.57 x d2 x NP
111
What is the formula to determine Nozzle pressure of a fog nozzle?
Fog nozzle = 0.0505 x Q x square root of NP 50 = 7.07 100 = 10
112
What should the engine company driver do when water level is low and water supply has not been established?
The driver must communicate this finding to the crew inside the IDLH
113
Can the engine driver consider charging a second line without an established water supply?
The engine company driver may consider charging a second attack line without a water supply established depending on the situation and the task needed for the second line
114
Who is responsible for giving the water supply report?
The water supply report is given by the first due engine company directly to the second due engine company identifying the primary hydrant used in the method to which supply line will be laid
115
What guidelines are used by the first arriving engine officer during the size up to determine tactical priorities?
Actions required to facilitate a rescue. Actions required to minimize fire spread. Actions required to extinguish fire.
116
When entering the structure, if the entrance door to the fire area is found open by the engine officer and entry is not possible it should be closed immediately to prevent what?
The door should be closed immediately to prevent the products of combustion from entering the hallway and contaminating the upper floors. Door control is critical to the safety of all firefighters operating above the fire.
117
Prior to opening the door to the fire area for advancement of the hose line, the engine officer must ensure that unprepared firefighters or civilians:
Will not be exposed in the hallways or on the stairs above as the fire attack is initiated.
118
How must the nozzle team be physically positioned during every interior fire attack through the open door to the fire area?
The nozzle team must begin every interior fire attack through the door to the Fire area crouched low, near the floor, regardless of conditions
119
During extinguishment, after the main body of the fire has been extinguished, what should the engine officer order the nozzle to do?
The engine officer should order the nozzle to shut down. This allows heat and smoke to rise in vent and any remaining fire to light up and indicate those areas requiring follow up extinguishment
120
Company Training should be completed on a daily basis and cover hands on practical skills. What is the goal of Company level Training?
Company training is designed to identify the deficiencies in the knowledge, skills, and abilities of company members incorrect them before the next emergency incident occurs
121
What are the warning signs of a backdraft?
-Heavy dense smoke with no visible flame in a tightly closed occupancy. -Black smoke pushing around closed doors or windows. -Glass stained with smoke, condensation and pulsating from pressure of the fire. -Reversal of air movement pulling smoke back into building through a doorway.
122
When performing a size-up, personnel may exhibit “perceptual blindness” . What is “perceptual blindness”?
Perceptual blindness, or inattentional blindness, is an inability to perceive something that is within one’s direct perceptual field because one is attending to something else.

Engine Company Operations (1 decks)

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